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\par }{\b\fs52\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 Cartel Detection Techniques of the KFTC
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\par }{\b\fs60\insrsid13700819 
\par 
\par }{\b\fs52\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 2004. 11
\par }{\b\fs60\insrsid13700819 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\fs52\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 Joseph Seon Hur
\par }{\fs32\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 josehur@yahoo.com
\par }{\b\fs38\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 Director General 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  Cartel Bureau 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 The Korea Fair Trade Commission
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\par }{\b\fs32\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  }{\b\fs32\insrsid13700819 \loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\f12 \uc2\u8544\'a5\'b0}{\b\fs32\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 . Performance of Cartel Enforcement in the KFTC
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\par 
\par }{\b\fs32\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  }{\b\fs32\insrsid13700819 \loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\f12 \uc2\u8545\'a5\'b1}{\b\fs32\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 . Cartel Detection Techniques of the KFTC}{
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\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-660\li980\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin980\itap0\cufi-210\culi160\pararsid13700819 {\b\fs32\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 1. Overview
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\par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12   3. Cartel Informant Reward Program
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12   4. Public sector Bidding Analysis System
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12   5. Industry Targeting Skill}{\b\fs32\loch\af147\dbch\af147\insrsid13700819 
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\b\fs32\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  Conclusion
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\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
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\par }{\b\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 1. Cartel Sanctions
\par }{\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  Since the enactment of Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act (MRFTA) in 1981, the\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
 KFTC has recognized the cartels as the most serious anti-competitive behaviors and has been actively attacking them. 
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
 Since 1981, the KFTC has detected a total of 469 cartels and ordered corrective measures imposing surcharges amount to USD 363 million including prosecution on 19 cases. Especially, the number of cases sanctioned has increased by 11 times for the past de
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 c\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
ade (from 1993 to Aug. 2004) compared to the previous decade (from 1981 to 1992).  In addition, the KFTC is increasingly resorting to prosecution for criminal punishments and imposing heavier surcharges.  Such statistics reflects the KFTC's strong will to
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 put a high priority on cracking down cartels. 
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\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth710\clshdrawnil \cellx8958\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 Category\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 81}{\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\f12 \uc2\u-162\'a2\'a6}{\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 92\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 93\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 94\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 95\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 96
\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 97\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 98\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 99\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 00\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 01\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 02\cell 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 03\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 04.8\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 Total\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\kerning2\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts11\trrh56\trleft0\trftsWidth1 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 
\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1333\clshdrawnil \cellx1333\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth597\clshdrawnil \cellx1930\clvertalc\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth541\clshdrawnil \cellx2471\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth484\clshdrawnil \cellx2955\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth484\clshdrawnil \cellx3439\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth540\clshdrawnil \cellx3979\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth541\clshdrawnil \cellx4520\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth541\clshdrawnil \cellx5061\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth540\clshdrawnil \cellx5601\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth541\clshdrawnil \cellx6142\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth484\clshdrawnil \cellx6626\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth540\clshdrawnil \cellx7166\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth484\clshdrawnil \cellx7650\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth598\clshdrawnil \cellx8248\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth710\clshdrawnil \cellx8958\row }\pard\plain \s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 Prosecution\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 1\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 -\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
2\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 -\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 -\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 1\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 -\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 -\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 3\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 4
\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 -\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 5\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 3\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 19\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\kerning2\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\ts11\trrh56\trleft0\trftsWidth1 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 
\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1333\clshdrawnil \cellx1333\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth597\clshdrawnil \cellx1930\clvertalc\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth541\clshdrawnil \cellx2471\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth484\clshdrawnil \cellx2955\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth484\clshdrawnil \cellx3439\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth540\clshdrawnil \cellx3979\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth541\clshdrawnil \cellx4520\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth541\clshdrawnil \cellx5061\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth540\clshdrawnil \cellx5601\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth541\clshdrawnil \cellx6142\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth484\clshdrawnil \cellx6626\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth540\clshdrawnil \cellx7166\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth484\clshdrawnil \cellx7650\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth598\clshdrawnil \cellx8248\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth710\clshdrawnil \cellx8958\row }\pard\plain \s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 Corrective order\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 24\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 4\cell 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 7\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 13\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 19\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 12\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 32\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 34\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 35
\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 32\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 34\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 14\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 17\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 277\cell }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\kerning2\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \trowd \irow2\irowband2\ts11\trrh56\trleft0\trftsWidth1 
\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1333\clshdrawnil \cellx1333\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth597\clshdrawnil \cellx1930\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth541\clshdrawnil \cellx2471\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth484\clshdrawnil \cellx2955\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth484\clshdrawnil \cellx3439\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth540\clshdrawnil \cellx3979\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth541\clshdrawnil \cellx4520\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth541\clshdrawnil \cellx5061\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth540\clshdrawnil \cellx5601\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth541\clshdrawnil \cellx6142\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth484\clshdrawnil \cellx6626\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth540\clshdrawnil \cellx7166\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth484\clshdrawnil \cellx7650\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth598\clshdrawnil \cellx8248\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth710\clshdrawnil \cellx8958\row }\pard\plain 
\s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 (Surcharges)\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 (2)\cell 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 (1)\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 (2)\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 (6)\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 (13)\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 (6)\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 (19)\cell 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 (15)\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 (12)\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 (8)\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 (14)\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 (9)\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 (10)\cell 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 (117)\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\kerning2\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\trowd \irow3\irowband3\ts11\trrh56\trleft0\trftsWidth1 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1333\clshdrawnil \cellx1333\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth597\clshdrawnil \cellx1930\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth541\clshdrawnil \cellx2471\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth484\clshdrawnil \cellx2955\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth484\clshdrawnil \cellx3439\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth540\clshdrawnil \cellx3979\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth541\clshdrawnil \cellx4520\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth541\clshdrawnil \cellx5061\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth540\clshdrawnil \cellx5601\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth541\clshdrawnil \cellx6142\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth484\clshdrawnil \cellx6626\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth540\clshdrawnil \cellx7166\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth484\clshdrawnil \cellx7650\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth598\clshdrawnil \cellx8248\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth710\clshdrawnil \cellx8958\row }\pard\plain \s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 Corrective recommendation\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 27\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 -\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 1\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 -\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 6\cell 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 8\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 2\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 -\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 -\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 -\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 -\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 -\cell 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 -\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 44\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\kerning2\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {
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\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth597\clshdrawnil \cellx1930\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
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\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth484\clshdrawnil \cellx3439\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
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\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth541\clshdrawnil \cellx5061\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth540\clshdrawnil \cellx5601\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth541\clshdrawnil \cellx6142\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth484\clshdrawnil \cellx6626\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth540\clshdrawnil \cellx7166\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth484\clshdrawnil \cellx7650\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth598\clshdrawnil \cellx8248\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth710\clshdrawnil \cellx8958\row }\pard\plain \s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 Warning\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 42\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 12\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 11\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 13\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 11\cell 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 2\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 3\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 -\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 12\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 10\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 13\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 7\cell 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 7\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 143\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\kerning2\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 
{\fs22\insrsid13700819 \trowd \irow5\irowband5\ts11\trrh56\trleft0\trftsWidth1 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1333\clshdrawnil \cellx1333\clvertalc\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth597\clshdrawnil \cellx1930\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth541\clshdrawnil \cellx2471\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth484\clshdrawnil \cellx2955\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth484\clshdrawnil \cellx3439\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth540\clshdrawnil \cellx3979\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth541\clshdrawnil \cellx4520\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth541\clshdrawnil \cellx5061\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth540\clshdrawnil \cellx5601\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth541\clshdrawnil \cellx6142\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth484\clshdrawnil \cellx6626\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
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\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth598\clshdrawnil \cellx8248\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth710\clshdrawnil \cellx8958\row }\pard\plain \s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 Total\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 94\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 16\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 19\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 26\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 36\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
22\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 37\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 34\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 47\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 43\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 47\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 23\cell 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 25\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 469\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\kerning2\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \trowd \irow6\irowband6\lastrow \ts11\trrh56\trleft0\trftsWidth1 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1333\clshdrawnil \cellx1333\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth597\clshdrawnil \cellx1930
\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth541\clshdrawnil \cellx2471\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth484\clshdrawnil \cellx2955\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth484\clshdrawnil \cellx3439\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth540\clshdrawnil \cellx3979\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth541\clshdrawnil \cellx4520\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth541\clshdrawnil \cellx5061\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
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\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth484\clshdrawnil \cellx7650\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth598\clshdrawnil \cellx8248\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth710\clshdrawnil \cellx8958\row }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-1432\li1432\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1432\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12     
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12               }{\b\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 < Surcharges against cartel >   }{\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 (unit: case, 100 M won)
\par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts11\trrh429\trleft0\trftsWidth1 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1049\clshdrawnil \cellx1049\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1000\clshdrawnil \cellx2049\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth965\clshdrawnil \cellx3014\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth943\clshdrawnil \cellx3957\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1000\clshdrawnil \cellx4957\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth935\clshdrawnil \cellx5892\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth878\clshdrawnil \cellx6770\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1227\clshdrawnil \cellx7997\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1000\clshdrawnil \cellx8997\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 Category\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 86~98\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 99
\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 00\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 01\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 02\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 03\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 As of Aug. 2004\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 Total\cell 
}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\kerning2\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \trowd \irow0\irowband0
\ts11\trrh429\trleft0\trftsWidth1 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1049\clshdrawnil \cellx1049\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1000\clshdrawnil \cellx2049\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth965\clshdrawnil \cellx3014
\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth943\clshdrawnil \cellx3957\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1000\clshdrawnil \cellx4957\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth935\clshdrawnil \cellx5892\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth878\clshdrawnil \cellx6770\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1227\clshdrawnil \cellx7997\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1000\clshdrawnil \cellx8997\row }\trowd \irow1\irowband1
\ts11\trrh373\trleft0\trftsWidth1 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1049\clshdrawnil \cellx1049\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1000\clshdrawnil \cellx2049\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth965\clshdrawnil \cellx3014
\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth943\clshdrawnil \cellx3957\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1000\clshdrawnil \cellx4957\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth935\clshdrawnil \cellx5892\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth878\clshdrawnil \cellx6770\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1227\clshdrawnil \cellx7997\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1000\clshdrawnil \cellx8997\pard\plain 
\s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 No. Of cases\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 49\cell 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 15\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 12\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 8\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 14\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 9\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 10\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 117
\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\kerning2\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \trowd \irow1\irowband1
\ts11\trrh373\trleft0\trftsWidth1 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1049\clshdrawnil \cellx1049\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1000\clshdrawnil \cellx2049\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth965\clshdrawnil \cellx3014
\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth943\clshdrawnil \cellx3957\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1000\clshdrawnil \cellx4957\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth935\clshdrawnil \cellx5892\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth878\clshdrawnil \cellx6770\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1227\clshdrawnil \cellx7997\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1000\clshdrawnil \cellx8997\row }\trowd \irow2\irowband2\lastrow 
\ts11\trrh408\trleft0\trftsWidth1 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1049\clshdrawnil \cellx1049\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1000\clshdrawnil \cellx2049\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth965\clshdrawnil \cellx3014
\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth943\clshdrawnil \cellx3957\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1000\clshdrawnil \cellx4957\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth935\clshdrawnil \cellx5892\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth878\clshdrawnil \cellx6770\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1227\clshdrawnil \cellx7997\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1000\clshdrawnil \cellx8997\pard\plain 
\s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 Amount\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 519\cell 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 233\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 1,278\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 267\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 506\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 1,086\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 287\cell 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 4,176\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\kerning2\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\trowd \irow2\irowband2\lastrow \ts11\trrh408\trleft0\trftsWidth1 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1049\clshdrawnil \cellx1049\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 
\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1000\clshdrawnil \cellx2049\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth965\clshdrawnil \cellx3014\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth943\clshdrawnil \cellx3957\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1000\clshdrawnil \cellx4957\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth935\clshdrawnil \cellx5892\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth878\clshdrawnil \cellx6770\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1227\clshdrawnil \cellx7997\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1000\clshdrawnil \cellx8997\row }\pard\plain \s15\qr \fi-507\li507\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin507\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-134\li134\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin134\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
 The past cartel investigation has largely targeted manufacturing sector.  Manufacturers take up 42% in terms of the number of businesses sanctioned by KFTC.  However, since 2000, the focus has extended to sectors that have direct impact on people's daily
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
life such as oil refineries, financial services, mobile telecommunications, beauty shop sector and new apartment housing sales price.  Such change shows that all the economic sectors are now practically subject to cartel investigation.  
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  In addition, car\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
tels are now subject to higher level of financial sanctions.  In the past, financial sanctions only amount to 1.5 -2% of the related sales volume of cartel-engaged enterprise.  Since 2003, the figure has been raised to 4-5% to show the KFTC's commitment t
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 o\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
 cartel eradication and raise a warning against the possible cartel formation.  Furthermore, the KFTC has submitted to the National Assembly an amendment bill of the Act to raise the surcharge ceiling to 10% of the related sales volume from the current 5%
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 ,\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  which is to take effect starting from next year. The amendment of the Act would be expected to function as an effective deterrence to cartel.  
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-134\li134\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin134\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
 The KFTC is extending its investigation into international cartels, recognizing its adverse impact on domestic market.  KFTC launched investigation into graphite electrode cartel case in 2002 and vitamin cartel case in 2003 and levied surcharges worth 8.
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 8\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  billion won and 3.4 billion won respectively.  The KFTC will launch investigation in the future whenever international cartel is thought to have impact on its local economy.    
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12   
\par }{\b\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 2. Improvement in consumer welfare and cost reduction  
\par }{\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  The KFTC has so \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
far detected and levied surcharges against price cartels of a number of intermediate materials including steel, cement, refined oil and graphite. It is evaluated that such investigation contributed to reducing production cost in related sector. Especially
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 ,\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
 the investigation into graphite case is estimated to have prevented the economic loss of 183.7 billion won to domestic companies.  In addition, cartel investigations on consumer goods such as school uniform, fast food, banks}{\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\loch\af12\dbch\af12\hich\f0 \rquote }{\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  commission fee and insurance \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
premium are estimated to have improved consumer welfare.  For example, the investigation on school uniform cartel has prevented consumer damage of 60 billion won annually. 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }{\b\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 3. Raising consumer and business awareness
\par }{\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  The Confucian thinking in Korea consi\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
der it a virtue to mutually cooperate and make decision as a group.  Such tradition created an environment where cartel activities are tolerated and considered as acceptable.  
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  However, the KFTC's commitment to cartel eradication, persistent cartel inves\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
tigation and stronger sanctions has created a social consensus on cartels. Korean consumers now understand that cartel is an activity where the collusive companies makes profit at the expense of consumers and recognize it as the enemy number one of market
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 economy. In addition, companies know that cartel is a serious economic crime. 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
 As the positive outcome of strong cartel enforcement are known to the public, the KFTC's status has been subsequently enhanced, creating public support to the activities of KF\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 TC as competition watchdog. 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  
\par }{\b\fs22\insrsid13700819 \loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\f12 \uc2\u8545\'a5\'b1}{\b\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 . Cartel detection method employed by KFTC
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 1. Overview
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
 The KFTC recognized that cartel enforcement could be made most effective with minimal effort when leniency program is in place. Subsequently, efforts have been made t\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
o facilitate the program through advocacy and improvement in cartel regulations.  At the same time, to complement the program, a variety of cartel programs and analysis methods have been put to use to develop cartel detection skills. 
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  Cartel investigatio\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
n by the KFTC largely falls into 2 categories, those initiated by outside report and those planned by the KFTC(or planned investigation). In Korea, 60% of cartel investigation is planned by the KFTC.  Since outside reports mostly come from business and co
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 n\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
sumers that suffer from damage as a result of a cartel, the number of reports are on decline as cartels take place in a subtler manner.  Furthermore, outside reports are rather confined to the sector whose economic weight is minimal in the entire economy.

\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
 The KFTC-initiated investigation will make a difference in the effectiveness of cartel enforcement.  The planned investigation requires much efforts and resources at a time but does have great impact on the given industry.  To improve the effectiveness o
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
f planned investigation, information gathering and analysis system of higher quality are necessary.  In this regards, the KFTC is making use of informant reward program, public sector bidding analysis system and a number of industry targeting skills.

\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }{\b\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 2. L\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 eniency Program (LP)
\par }{\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }{\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 A. Content and achievement of LP
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12    
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
 The KFTC first introduced LP in Feb '97.  The full amnesty is granted to an applicant that comes forward voluntarily before the launch of investigation or that cooperates with \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
authorities in investigation after the launch of investigation.  Both of them should be the first to provide evidence that proves the existence of cartel.
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-701\li701\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin701\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  The second, third and following applicant to come forward or cooperate is entitled to up to 50% red\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
uction in surcharges if evidence or information that proves the existence of cartel is provided.  In addition, applicants are not subject to prosecution in principle. 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  Other than that, the following requirements have to be met for cartel members to be en\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
titled to reduction.  1) When KFTC is without information on the specific cartel or sufficient evidence to prove its illegality 2) cooperation lasted till the completion of investigation 3) applicant did not take a leading role in cartel formation and did
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 not force others into it
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
 Leniency program has been put to use on 5 cartels cases so far in Korea.  Voluntary report before the initiation of investigation was made on 3 cases and cooperations after investigations on 2 cases.  The program was applied to o
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 ne international cartel, the vitamin case in April '03.
\par }\pard \s15\qc \fi-471\li471\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin471\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par 
\par }{\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 < LP Application on 5 cases >
\par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts11\trrh333\trleft0\trftsWidth1 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3248\clshdrawnil \cellx3248\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5519\clshdrawnil \cellx8767\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 Name of case\cell 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 Results\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\kerning2\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts11\trrh333\trleft0\trftsWidth1 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3248\clshdrawnil \cellx3248\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5519\clshdrawnil \cellx8767\row }\trowd \irow1\irowband1\ts11\trrh704\trleft0\trftsWidth1 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 
\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3248\clshdrawnil \cellx3248\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5519\clshdrawnil \cellx8767\pard\plain 
\s15\qj \fi-244\li244\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin244 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\f12 \uc2\u12615\'a4\'b7}{\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 bid rigging of 6 nuclear power plant radiation control companies(}{\fs22\insrsid13700819 \loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\f12 \uc2\u8216\'a1\'ae}{\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 99) \cell }\pard 
\s15\qj \fi-200\li200\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin200 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 levied 308 M won on Kumkang Korea and 5 involved cartel members\cell }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\kerning2\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\ts11\trrh704\trleft0\trftsWidth1 
\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3248\clshdrawnil \cellx3248\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5519\clshdrawnil \cellx8767\row }\trowd \irow2\irowband2\ts11\trrh760\trleft0\trftsWidth1 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3248\clshdrawnil \cellx3248\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5519\clshdrawnil \cellx8767\pard\plain 
\s15\qj \fi-244\li244\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin244 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\f12 \uc2\u12615\'a4\'b7}{\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 bid rigging of 5 electrical construction companies in Youndong Province(June }{\fs22\insrsid13700819 \loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\f12 \uc2\u8216\'a1\'ae}{\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 00) \cell }\pard 
\s15\qj \fi-200\li200\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin200 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  levied 42 M won on Namyang Construction and 2 involved cartel members\cell }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\kerning2\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \trowd \irow2\irowband2\ts11\trrh760\trleft0\trftsWidth1 
\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3248\clshdrawnil \cellx3248\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5519\clshdrawnil \cellx8767\row }\trowd \irow3\irowband3\ts11\trrh603\trleft0\trftsWidth1 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3248\clshdrawnil \cellx3248\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5519\clshdrawnil \cellx8767\pard\plain 
\s15\qj \fi-144\li144\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin144 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\f12 \uc2\u12615\'a4\'b7}{\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 price cartel of 5 bentonite mat manufacturers(Jan. }{\fs22\insrsid13700819 \loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\f12 \uc2\u8216\'a1\'ae}{\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 02)\cell }\pard 
\s15\qj \fi-206\li206\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin206 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  imposed corrective orders and newspaper announcement\cell }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\kerning2\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \trowd \irow3\irowband3\ts11\trrh603\trleft0\trftsWidth1 
\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3248\clshdrawnil \cellx3248\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5519\clshdrawnil \cellx8767\row }\trowd \irow4\irowband4\ts11\trrh496\trleft0\trftsWidth1 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3248\clshdrawnil \cellx3248\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5519\clshdrawnil \cellx8767\pard\plain 
\s15\qj \fi-244\li244\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin244 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\f12 \uc2\u12615\'a4\'b7}{\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 price cartel of 6 paper manufacturers(June }{\fs22\insrsid13700819 \loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\f12 \uc2\u8216\'a1\'ae}{\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 02)\cell }\pard 
\s15\qj \fi-200\li200\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin200 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 levied 911 M won on Kaesung Paper Maker and 4 other cartel members\cell }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\kerning2\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \trowd \irow4\irowband4\ts11\trrh496\trleft0\trftsWidth1 
\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3248\clshdrawnil \cellx3248\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5519\clshdrawnil \cellx8767\row }\trowd \irow5\irowband5\lastrow \ts11\trrh515\trleft0\trftsWidth1 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3248\clshdrawnil \cellx3248\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5519\clshdrawnil \cellx8767\pard\plain 
\s15\qj \fi-244\li244\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin244 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\f12 \uc2\u12615\'a4\'b7}{\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  international price cartel of 6 vitamin producers\cell }\pard \s15\qj \fi-200\li200\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin200 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
levied a total of 3.4 billion won on 6 cartle members\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\kerning2\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {
\fs22\insrsid13700819 \trowd \irow5\irowband5\lastrow \ts11\trrh515\trleft0\trftsWidth1 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3248\clshdrawnil \cellx3248\clvertalc
\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5519\clshdrawnil \cellx8767\row }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-471\li471\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin471\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
 As competition authorities are given discretion on granting surcharge reduction benefits under the existing LP, transparency and predictability are not fully guaranteed to applicants.  The maximum \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
50% reduction of surcharge granted to the second and the following applicants can have the effect to diminish the necessity for cartel members to be the first to come forward.  In other words, the cartel members might want to choose to be the second or th
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 e\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
 following while hiding the cartel they are involved because at least the second or the following can have the benefit of maximum 50% reduction of surcharge. In response, the KFTC dramatically revised the existing program in Aug. 2004.  
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 B. Content of 200\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 4 revision. 
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
 Competition authorities can no longer exercise discretion in granting reduction benefits.  Instead, an applicant would be automatically entitled to surcharge reduction when the given requirements are satisfied.  Thus, companies can apply for
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  leniency program knowing that they will be eligible for reduction benefits.  
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  Full amnesty is granted to an applicant that is first to come forward or first to cooperate and the second applicant would be granted up to 30% reduction in surcharges.  The e\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
xisting leniency program entitled the second, third or even the following applicant up to 50% reduction but under the revised version, the third and the following applicant is not eligible for benefits. 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  By reducing the scope of benefits to the second an\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
d following applicant, the revised leniency program is expected to increase the incentive to be the first to come forward or cooperate.  On the other hand, the 30% surcharge reduction granted to the second applicant would help competition authorities to g
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 a\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 ther evidence since information from the first reporter or cooperator could be insufficient.     
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  In addition, leniency application procedures are stipulated and non-disclosure obligation is legally required of investigating officials to minimize the psy\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 chological burden on applicants. 
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  The revision is to take effect starting from next year and expected to contribute to program facilitation.
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }{\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 C. Situations unique to Korea in LP implementation
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  As the Confucian tradition in Korea values business collabo\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
ration, an applicant of LP is considered a "traitor" and companies understandably refrain from resorting to LP.   
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
 Indeed, an applicant while benefiting from amnesty, suffers from serious disadvantages in information exchanges and other areas of cooperat\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 ion as business community isolates and punishes it for its act.  
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  Recently, foreign companies doing business in Korea are making attempts to actively use LP.  Thus KFTC is encouraging the use of LP to foreign companies.  At the same time, KFTC inform Kor\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
ean business of the grave sanctions that could be imposed against them in case of cartel detection and let them know that the only way to escape such punishment is to be the first to come forward. 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }{\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 D. Recent case(in-vehicle battery cartel case)
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  The KFTC\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
 received a telephone report in May 2004 saying that 4 vehicle battery manufacturers had engaged in price cartel three times since May 2003.  Upon the report, the KFTC launched dawn raids on 15 July.  
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  The KFTC secured evidence document on the first roun\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
d of price increase but failed to do so for the second and third price increase.  The investigation chief at the site of investigation intentionally made the enterprise anxious by hinting at the evidence documents in other premises and talked about LP bei
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 n\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 g their only way of survival. 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
 A foreign invested company, one of the cartel members, came to the KFTC at 8:50 am the next day and provided all evidence documents and information upon confirming that is was the first applicant.  The news spread to other \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
3 members and all of them sought to apply for the program.  In the end, the cartel regime in this particular sector completely collapsed.
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 3. Cartel informant reward program
\par }{\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }{\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 A. Definition and Contents
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  The informant reward program, introduced in Feb. 200\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
2, grants up to 100 M won in reward to those who provide information or evidence on cartel.  While LP targets cartel members, whether individual or enterprise, the informant reward program targets the third parties, not the cartel member. 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  The purpose of\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
 the program is to effectively gather evidence or information on cartel with as little effort and cost as possible by providing financial reward to cartel informants.  Moreover, the program acts as an effective cartel deterrent since companies are aware o
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 f\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  being watched all the time.  Furthermore, the program helps create a social consensus on the harmfulness of cartel and the need for supervision.  
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 B. Content 
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  The followings are the requirements of cartel informant.  First, the evidence should be the f\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
irst to be provided in the absence of such information in the KFTC.  Second, the information or document should prove the existence of cartel such as cartel agreement or report on cartel meetings.
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  Financial reward is set as 25 million won plus 1% of impo\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
sed surcharges when the levied surcharges is 500 million won or more and 5% of surcharges when imposed surcharge is less than 500 million won.  The ceiling on financial reward is set at 100 million won.  
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  The would-be rewardee is required to submit a rew\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
ard application to the KFTC within 6 months from the date of KFTC decision meeting on the given cartel.  The KFTC is to hold financial reward review committee (chaired by secretary-general) and determine the amount of reward within 2 months from the appli
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 c\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 ation receiving date.
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }{\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 C. Achievement and evaluation
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
 The reward so far has been provided three times ('02, '03 and '04 respectively) and the total amount of reward amounts to 1.276 million won.
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  While the system has yet to be facilitated, the KFTC is in\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
creasingly receiving a greater number of reports since the ceiling has been raised to 100 million won from 20 million won.  As of the late Oct. 2004, a total of 3 investigations in association with financial rewarding system are underway.  
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  The further r\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 aise in ceiling and better advocacy of the program are expected to contribute to cartel eradication. 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12   
\par }{\b\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 4. Public sector bidding analysis system
\par }{\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }{\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 A. Concept and background
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  The public-sector bidding analysis system ana\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
lyses information on tenders offered by the public sector and detects the signs of bid rigging. Public sector tender amounts to 41 trillion won annually, taking up a significant part in national economy and is on a gradual rise.
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }{\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12                           \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12                            (unit : 100 M won)
\par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts11\trrh373\trleft0\trftsWidth1 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1882\clshdrawnil \cellx1882\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1656\clshdrawnil \cellx3538\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1599\clshdrawnil \cellx5137\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1655\clshdrawnil \cellx6792\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1712\clshdrawnil \cellx8504\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12   }{
\fs22\loch\af148\dbch\af148\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af148\loch\f148      category\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af148\loch\f148     2000\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af148\loch\f148     2001\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af148\loch\f148     2002\cell 
\hich\af0\dbch\af148\loch\f148     2003\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\kerning2\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {
\fs22\loch\af148\dbch\af148\insrsid13700819 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts11\trrh373\trleft0\trftsWidth1 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1882\clshdrawnil 
\cellx1882\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1656\clshdrawnil \cellx3538\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1599\clshdrawnil \cellx5137\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1655\clshdrawnil \cellx6792\clvertalc\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1712\clshdrawnil \cellx8504\row }\trowd \irow1\irowband1\ts11\trrh846\trleft0\trftsWidth1 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 
\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1882\clshdrawnil \cellx1882\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1656\clshdrawnil 
\cellx3538\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1599\clshdrawnil \cellx5137\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1655\clshdrawnil \cellx6792\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1712\clshdrawnil \cellx8504\pard\plain 
\s15\qj \fi220\li220\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin220\cufi100\culi110 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\loch\af148\dbch\af148\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af148\loch\f148 
   item procurement
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\fs22\loch\af148\dbch\af148\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af148\loch\f148    construction\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af148\loch\f148    68,343
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af148\loch\f148  
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af148\loch\f148  246,474\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af148\loch\f148    81,562
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af148\loch\f148   
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af148\loch\f148  298,871\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af148\loch\f148    85,401
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af148\loch\f148   
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af148\loch\f148  308,535\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af148\loch\f148    86,203
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af148\loch\f148   
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af148\loch\f148  322,165\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\kerning2\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {
\fs22\loch\af148\dbch\af148\insrsid13700819 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\ts11\trrh846\trleft0\trftsWidth1 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1882\clshdrawnil 
\cellx1882\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1656\clshdrawnil \cellx3538\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1599\clshdrawnil \cellx5137\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1655\clshdrawnil \cellx6792\clvertalc\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1712\clshdrawnil \cellx8504\row }\trowd \irow2\irowband2\lastrow \ts11\trrh316\trleft0\trftsWidth1 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1882\clshdrawnil \cellx1882\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1656\clshdrawnil \cellx3538\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1599\clshdrawnil \cellx5137\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1655\clshdrawnil \cellx6792\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1712\clshdrawnil \cellx8504\pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\loch\af148\dbch\af148\insrsid13700819 
\hich\af0\dbch\af148\loch\f148       total\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af148\loch\f148   314,817\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af148\loch\f148   380,433\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af148\loch\f148   393,936\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af148\loch\f148   408,368\cell }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\kerning2\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\loch\af148\dbch\af148\insrsid13700819 \trowd \irow2\irowband2\lastrow 
\ts11\trrh316\trleft0\trftsWidth1 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1882\clshdrawnil \cellx1882\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1656\clshdrawnil \cellx3538\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1599\clshdrawnil \cellx5137
\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1655\clshdrawnil \cellx6792\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1712\clshdrawnil \cellx8504\row }\pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  Statistics : Public Procurement Service
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  Therefore, bid rigging in the public sector could generate serious damage to\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
 national economy, which requires the establishment of comprehensive and scientific monitoring system.  The bid rigging could trigger a rise in procurement cost, waste in government budget and quality deterioration in procurement items and public construc
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 t\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 ions. Also, it could contribute to a growing lack of respect for public authorities.  
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-150\li150\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin150\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  The KFTC, since '98, have detected and imposed sanctions on a total of 46 public sector bid-riggings.
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-724\li724\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin724\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12                  < Sanctions on bid rigging by year >  (unit: ca\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 se)
\par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts11\trrh563\trleft0\trftsWidth1 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth936\clshdrawnil \cellx936\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth830\clshdrawnil \cellx1766\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth935\clshdrawnil \cellx2701\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth936\clshdrawnil \cellx3637\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth936\clshdrawnil \cellx4573\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth935\clshdrawnil \cellx5508\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth936\clshdrawnil \cellx6444\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth935\clshdrawnil \cellx7379\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth993\clshdrawnil \cellx8372\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12   Category\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 Total\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 1998
\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 1999\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 2000\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 2001\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 2002\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 2003\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 2004.9\cell }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\kerning2\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts11\trrh563\trleft0\trftsWidth1 
\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth936\clshdrawnil \cellx936\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth830\clshdrawnil \cellx1766\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth935\clshdrawnil \cellx2701\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth936\clshdrawnil \cellx3637\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth936\clshdrawnil \cellx4573\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth935\clshdrawnil \cellx5508\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth936\clshdrawnil \cellx6444\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth935\clshdrawnil \cellx7379\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth993\clshdrawnil \cellx8372\row }\pard\plain 
\s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 No. Of case\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 46\cell 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 4\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 9\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 7\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 3\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 7\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 6\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 10\cell 
}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\kerning2\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\lastrow 
\ts11\trrh563\trleft0\trftsWidth1 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth936\clshdrawnil \cellx936\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth830\clshdrawnil \cellx1766\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth935\clshdrawnil \cellx2701
\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth936\clshdrawnil \cellx3637\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth936\clshdrawnil \cellx4573\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth935\clshdrawnil \cellx5508\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth936\clshdrawnil \cellx6444\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth935\clshdrawnil \cellx7379\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth993\clshdrawnil \cellx8372\row }\pard\plain 
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }{\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 B. Content
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
 The following form will be distributed twice a year to major government procuring agencies to be filled out and submitted to the KFTC.
\par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12    Name of procuring agency (year)
\par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts11\trrh1505\trleft0\trftsWidth1 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1263\clshdrawnil \cellx1263\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1151\clshdrawnil \cellx2414\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1263\clshdrawnil \cellx3677\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1263\clshdrawnil \cellx4940\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1264\clshdrawnil \cellx6204\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1037\clshdrawnil \cellx7241\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1773\clshdrawnil \cellx9014\pard 
\s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  Name of construction/item
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 (Date of bidding)\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  Expected price \cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  Winning price
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  (Winning rate)\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  Winning bidder
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 (No. Of competing bidders)\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 Name of competing bidders and their bidding price\cell \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  Decision-making method on winnin\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 g bidder \cell 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 Change in decision-making method (if any)  \cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\kerning2\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts11\trrh1505\trleft0\trftsWidth1 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 
\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1263\clshdrawnil \cellx1263\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1151\clshdrawnil \cellx2414\clvertalc\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1263\clshdrawnil \cellx3677\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1263\clshdrawnil \cellx4940\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1264\clshdrawnil \cellx6204\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1037\clshdrawnil \cellx7241\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1773\clshdrawnil \cellx9014\row }\trowd \irow1\irowband1\lastrow \ts11\trrh56\trleft0\trftsWidth1 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1263\clshdrawnil \cellx1263\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1151\clshdrawnil \cellx2414\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1263\clshdrawnil \cellx3677\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1263\clshdrawnil \cellx4940\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1264\clshdrawnil \cellx6204\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1037\clshdrawnil \cellx7241\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1773\clshdrawnil \cellx9014\pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par \cell \cell \cell \cell \cell \cell \cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\kerning2\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\trowd \irow1\irowband1\lastrow \ts11\trrh56\trleft0\trftsWidth1 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1263\clshdrawnil \cellx1263\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 
\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1151\clshdrawnil \cellx2414\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1263\clshdrawnil \cellx3677\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1263\clshdrawnil \cellx4940\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1264\clshdrawnil \cellx6204\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1037\clshdrawnil \cellx7241\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1773\clshdrawnil \cellx9014\row }\pard\plain 
\s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
 Major procuring agencies include Public Procurement Service, local government, government-invested c\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
ompanies and other public institutions.  A bidding involving construction worth 5 billion won or more, or procurement item of 2.5 billion won or more should be notified.  Cartel Division of the KFTC will build and manage database or excel files out of suc
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 h\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  information.
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
 The information submitted by procuring agencies will be analyzed to identify the signs of qualitative bid rigging that are hard to detect with the abovementioned quantitative index.  The qualitative signs include the presence of bid rotatio
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 n by item or region or a sharp drop in losing bid rate. 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }{\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 C. Expected outcomes
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
 The systematic analysis of rigging signs and application of such data in planned investigation improve the detection rate of bid rigging.  In addition, KFTC's commitment to sy\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
stematic analysis into and supervision of bid rigging itself acts as deterrence.  Lastly, waste in budget can be prevented.   
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }{\b\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 5. Industry Targeting Skill
\par }{\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }{\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 A. Importance
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  As cartels are undertaken in a subtler manner, informant reward program or bidding \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
analysis system is sometimes not sufficient.   In such case, industry-targeting skills are employed.  Especially, in the planned investigation that takes much efforts and human resources, sophisticated industry targeting skills are of great help in detect
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 i\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 ng signs of cartel. 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }{\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 B. Industry targeting skills for cartel detection
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
 The KFTC designates as initial targets the sector that are closely related to the daily life of people, competitiveness of key industries and monopolistic industry.
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  The sector that\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
 meets one of the following criteria will be first selected as investigation target.  First, when price increase rate, the scope of raise, the raised price are of the same level among manufacturers or retailers; second, when price increases by the same le
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 v\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 el despite the fact that external factors (for example, cut in oil price) requires the drop in production cost; third, when market share among competing companies do not change for a long time.

\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  In 2004, the KFTC has launched investigation on a total of 2\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
0 cases based on the abovementioned industry targeting analysis.  
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\fs22\insrsid13700819 \loch\af12\hich\af0\dbch\f12 \uc2\u8546\'a5\'b2}{\b\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 . Conclusions - Future plan
\par }{\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
 As long as profits expected from cartel exceed the level of sanctions, cartel enforcement would not be effective. Thus the KFTC has submitted an amendment tha\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
t raises the surcharge ceiling to 10% of the related sales volume from the current 5%, which will take effect next year.  It is important to let companies know that they could lose all of their business by engaging in cartel activities.  
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi-140\li140\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin140\itap0 {\fs22\insrsid13700819 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12  In addition, to\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
 further improve the effectiveness of investigation, the KFTC is seeking the right to coercive investigation.  Currently, the KFTC can conduct investigation only under the target company's cooperation and can levy penalties of up to 50 million in case of 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 i\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 
nvestigation rejection or interference.  While most of companies are cooperative, it is expected that outright rejection or interference to investigation will be made more frequently.  Therefore, the KFTC is now doing the best to obtain coercive investiga
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 t\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f12 ion power. }{\fs28\insrsid13700819 
\par }