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\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fs20\fbias0 \fi-360\li3600\jclisttab\tx3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fs20\fbias0 \fi-360\li4320\jclisttab\tx4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fs20\fbias0 \fi-360\li5040\jclisttab\tx5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fs20\fbias0 
\fi-360\li5760\jclisttab\tx5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fs20\fbias0 \fi-360\li6480\jclisttab\tx6480\lin6480 }
{\listname ;}\listid685446088}{\list\listtemplateid1934637818\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-731366552\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0 
\fi-360\li1410\jclisttab\tx1410\lin1410 }{\listlevel\levelnfc20\levelnfcn20\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698711\'03(\'01);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fi-420\li1890\jclisttab\tx1890\lin1890 }
{\listlevel\levelnfc18\levelnfcn18\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698705\'01\'02;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li2310\jclisttab\tx2310\lin2310 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0
\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li2730\jclisttab\tx2730\lin2730 }{\listlevel\levelnfc20\levelnfcn20\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698711\'03(\'04);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fi-420\li3150\jclisttab\tx3150\lin3150 }{\listlevel\levelnfc18\levelnfcn18\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid67698705\'01\'05;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li3570\jclisttab\tx3570\lin3570 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703
\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li3990\jclisttab\tx3990\lin3990 }{\listlevel\levelnfc20\levelnfcn20\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698711\'03(\'07);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}
\fi-420\li4410\jclisttab\tx4410\lin4410 }{\listlevel\levelnfc18\levelnfcn18\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698705\'01\'08;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li4830\jclisttab\tx4830\lin4830 }
{\listname ;}\listid723255548}{\list\listtemplateid-1075024758\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid722403108\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0 
\fi-360\li810\jclisttab\tx810\lin810 }{\listlevel\levelnfc20\levelnfcn20\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698711\'03(\'01);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fi-420\li1290\jclisttab\tx1290\lin1290 }
{\listlevel\levelnfc18\levelnfcn18\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698705\'01\'02;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li1710\jclisttab\tx1710\lin1710 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0
\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li2130\jclisttab\tx2130\lin2130 }{\listlevel\levelnfc20\levelnfcn20\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698711\'03(\'04);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fi-420\li2550\jclisttab\tx2550\lin2550 }{\listlevel\levelnfc18\levelnfcn18\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid67698705\'01\'05;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li2970\jclisttab\tx2970\lin2970 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703
\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li3390\jclisttab\tx3390\lin3390 }{\listlevel\levelnfc20\levelnfcn20\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698711\'03(\'07);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}
\fi-420\li3810\jclisttab\tx3810\lin3810 }{\listlevel\levelnfc18\levelnfcn18\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698705\'01\'08;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li4230\jclisttab\tx4230\lin4230 }
{\listname ;}\listid774326478}{\list\listtemplateid-1507417656\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1161444014\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0 
\fi-360\li600\jclisttab\tx600\lin600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc20\levelnfcn20\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698711\'03(\'01);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fi-420\li1080\jclisttab\tx1080\lin1080 }
{\listlevel\levelnfc18\levelnfcn18\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698705\'01\'02;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li1500\jclisttab\tx1500\lin1500 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0
\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li1920\jclisttab\tx1920\lin1920 }{\listlevel\levelnfc20\levelnfcn20\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698711\'03(\'04);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fi-420\li2340\jclisttab\tx2340\lin2340 }{\listlevel\levelnfc18\levelnfcn18\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid67698705\'01\'05;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li2760\jclisttab\tx2760\lin2760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703
\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li3180\jclisttab\tx3180\lin3180 }{\listlevel\levelnfc20\levelnfcn20\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698711\'03(\'07);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}
\fi-420\li3600\jclisttab\tx3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc18\levelnfcn18\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698705\'01\'08;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li4020\jclisttab\tx4020\lin4020 }
{\listname ;}\listid1065682103}{\list\listtemplateid1466716884\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid667832788\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}
\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0 \fi-720\li960\jclisttab\tx960\lin960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc20\levelnfcn20\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698711\'03(\'01);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fi-420\li1080
\jclisttab\tx1080\lin1080 }{\listlevel\levelnfc18\levelnfcn18\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698705\'01\'02;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li1500\jclisttab\tx1500\lin1500 }{\listlevel
\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li1920\jclisttab\tx1920\lin1920 }{\listlevel\levelnfc20\levelnfcn20\leveljc0\leveljcn0
\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698711\'03(\'04);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fi-420\li2340\jclisttab\tx2340\lin2340 }{\listlevel\levelnfc18\levelnfcn18\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698705\'01\'05;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li2760\jclisttab\tx2760\lin2760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li3180\jclisttab\tx3180\lin3180 }{\listlevel\levelnfc20\levelnfcn20\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698711
\'03(\'07);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fi-420\li3600\jclisttab\tx3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc18\levelnfcn18\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698705\'01\'08;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}
\fi-420\li4020\jclisttab\tx4020\lin4020 }{\listname ;}\listid1260914165}{\list\listtemplateid1115817626\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-2085196508
\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0 \fi-720\li960\jclisttab\tx960\lin960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc20\levelnfcn20\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698711
\'03(\'01);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fi-420\li1080\jclisttab\tx1080\lin1080 }{\listlevel\levelnfc18\levelnfcn18\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698705\'01\'02;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}
\fi-420\li1500\jclisttab\tx1500\lin1500 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li1920\jclisttab\tx1920\lin1920 }
{\listlevel\levelnfc20\levelnfcn20\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698711\'03(\'04);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fi-420\li2340\jclisttab\tx2340\lin2340 }{\listlevel\levelnfc18\levelnfcn18
\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698705\'01\'05;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li2760\jclisttab\tx2760\lin2760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li3180\jclisttab\tx3180\lin3180 }{\listlevel\levelnfc20\levelnfcn20\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid67698711\'03(\'07);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fi-420\li3600\jclisttab\tx3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc18\levelnfcn18\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698705
\'01\'08;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li4020\jclisttab\tx4020\lin4020 }{\listname ;}\listid1437409030}{\list\listtemplateid-1631008522{\listlevel\levelnfc14\levelnfcn14\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'03\u-248 (\'00\u-247 );}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0 \fi-720\li960\jclisttab\tx960\lin960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc20\levelnfcn20\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'01);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fi-420\li1080
\jclisttab\tx1080\lin1080 }{\listlevel\levelnfc18\levelnfcn18\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\'02;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li1500\jclisttab\tx1500\lin1500 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0
\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li1920\jclisttab\tx1920\lin1920 }{\listlevel\levelnfc20\levelnfcn20\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0
{\leveltext\'03(\'04);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fi-420\li2340\jclisttab\tx2340\lin2340 }{\listlevel\levelnfc18\levelnfcn18\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\'05;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li2760
\jclisttab\tx2760\lin2760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li3180\jclisttab\tx3180\lin3180 }{\listlevel\levelnfc20\levelnfcn20
\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'07);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fi-420\li3600\jclisttab\tx3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc18\levelnfcn18\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\'08;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li4020\jclisttab\tx4020\lin4020 }{\listname ;}\listid1443380527}{\list\listtemplateid102773354{\listlevel\levelnfc14\levelnfcn14\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\'04\u-248 (\u27880 ?\'00\u-247 );}{\levelnumbers\'03;}\fbias0 \fi-1080\li1320\jclisttab\tx1320\lin1320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc20\levelnfcn20\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'03(\'01);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fi-420\li1080\jclisttab\tx1080\lin1080 }{\listlevel\levelnfc18\levelnfcn18\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\'02;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li1500
\jclisttab\tx1500\lin1500 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li1920\jclisttab\tx1920\lin1920 }{\listlevel\levelnfc20\levelnfcn20
\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'04);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fi-420\li2340\jclisttab\tx2340\lin2340 }{\listlevel\levelnfc18\levelnfcn18\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\'05;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li2760\jclisttab\tx2760\lin2760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li3180
\jclisttab\tx3180\lin3180 }{\listlevel\levelnfc20\levelnfcn20\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'07);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fi-420\li3600\jclisttab\tx3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc18\levelnfcn18
\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\'08;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li4020\jclisttab\tx4020\lin4020 }{\listname ;}\listid1465004692}{\list\listtemplateid-1631008522{\listlevel\levelnfc14\levelnfcn14
\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03\u-248 (\'00\u-247 );}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0 \fi-720\li960\jclisttab\tx960\lin960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc20\levelnfcn20\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'01);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fi-420\li1080\jclisttab\tx1080\lin1080 }{\listlevel\levelnfc18\levelnfcn18\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\'02;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}
\fi-420\li1500\jclisttab\tx1500\lin1500 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li1920\jclisttab\tx1920\lin1920 }{\listlevel\levelnfc20
\levelnfcn20\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'04);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fi-420\li2340\jclisttab\tx2340\lin2340 }{\listlevel\levelnfc18\levelnfcn18\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\'05;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li2760\jclisttab\tx2760\lin2760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}
\fi-420\li3180\jclisttab\tx3180\lin3180 }{\listlevel\levelnfc20\levelnfcn20\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'07);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fi-420\li3600\jclisttab\tx3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc18
\levelnfcn18\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\'08;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li4020\jclisttab\tx4020\lin4020 }{\listname ;}\listid1493987084}{\list\listtemplateid158657740{\listlevel\levelnfc23
\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fs20\fbias0 \fi-360\li720\jclisttab\tx720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fs20\fbias0 \fi-360\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fs20\fbias0 
\fi-360\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fs20\fbias0 \fi-360\li3600\jclisttab\tx3600\lin3600 }
{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fs20\fbias0 \fi-360\li4320\jclisttab\tx4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0
\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fs20\fbias0 \fi-360\li5040\jclisttab\tx5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fs20\fbias0 \fi-360\li5760\jclisttab\tx5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fs20\fbias0 \fi-360\li6480\jclisttab\tx6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid1499616975}{\list\listtemplateid208992920\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc14\levelnfcn14\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat2\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-166168576\'03\u-248 (\'00\u-247 );}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0 \fi-720\li930\jclisttab\tx930\lin930 }{\listlevel\levelnfc20\levelnfcn20\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0
{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698711\'03(\'01);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fi-420\li1050\jclisttab\tx1050\lin1050 }{\listlevel\levelnfc18\levelnfcn18\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698705
\'01\'02;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li1470\jclisttab\tx1470\lin1470 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-420\li1890
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\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0
\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrstop36\adjustright\rin0\lin960\itap0\pararsid8920530 {\f0\fs24\insrsid1851806\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Steps needed to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8920530 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 crack}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1851806\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  international cartels}{\f0\fs24\insrsid18768\charrsid11423002 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1041\kerning2\dbch\af0\langnp1033\langfenp1041\insrsid13176721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13176721 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Enhancing}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13176721\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  international cooperation }{\f0\fs24\insrsid18768\charrsid11423002 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1041\kerning2\dbch\af0\langnp1033\langfenp1041\insrsid13176721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (3)\tab}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13176721 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Adoption }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13176721\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13176721 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13176721\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 leniency}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13176721 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  program}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid18768\charrsid11423002 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1041\kerning2\dbch\af0\langnp1033\langfenp1041\insrsid13176721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (4)\tab}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13176721 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Conclusion}{\f0\fs24\insrsid18768 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8920530 {\f0\fs24\insrsid400226 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Annexes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid18768\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \li240\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin240\itap0\pararsid14297978 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14297978 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 1     }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9000270\charrsid9000270 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
Summary of Leniency }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9000270\charrsid9000270 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Programs}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9000270\charrsid9000270 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9000270\charrsid9000270 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
Major Jurisdictions}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid9000270\delrsid9000270\charrsid9000270 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4329427\charrsid9000270 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-720\li959\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin959\itap0\cufi-300\culi114\pararsid14297978 {\fs24\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af15\insrsid14297978 \hich\af0\dbch\af15\loch\f0 2     }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af15\langnp2057\insrsid5706664\charrsid5706664 \hich\af0\dbch\af15\loch\f0 C}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af15\langnp2057\insrsid5706664\charrsid5706664 \hich\af0\dbch\af15\loch\f0 
omparison of fines }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af15\langnp2057\insrsid5706664\charrsid5706664 \hich\af0\dbch\af15\loch\f0 (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af15\langnp2057\insrsid5706664\charrsid5706664 
\hich\af0\dbch\af15\loch\f0 or sanctions}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af15\langnp2057\insrsid5706664\charrsid5706664 \hich\af0\dbch\af15\loch\f0 )}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af15\langnp2057\insrsid5706664\charrsid5706664 \hich\af0\dbch\af15\loch\f0  imposed }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af15\langnp2057\insrsid5706664\charrsid5706664 
\hich\af0\dbch\af15\loch\f0 in the graphite and vitamin cartels in the three jurisdictions}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3279058\charrsid5706664 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-706\li882\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin882\itap0\cufi-294\culi84\pararsid5706664 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14297978 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 3-1    }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid15104427\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Agreement between the Government of Japan and the Government of the United States of}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid14297978 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-466\li882\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin882\itap0\cufi-194\culi198\pararsid14297978 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid15104427\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid14297978 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0     }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid15104427\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 America concerning Cooperation on Anticompetitive Act
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ivities}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15104427\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  (excerpt)
\par }\pard \qj \fi-706\li882\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin882\itap0\cufi-294\culi84\pararsid5706664 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14297978 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 3-2    }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid15104427\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Agreement between the Government of Japan and the European Community concerning}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid14297978 
\par }\pard \qj \li775\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin775\itap0\culi369\pararsid14297978 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid15104427\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid14297978 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid15104427\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Cooperation on Anticompetitive Activities }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15104427\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (excerpt)}{\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe2052\langfenp2052\insrsid2649425\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-720\li959\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin959\itap0\cufi-300\culi114\pararsid9000270 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14297978 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 4     }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9000270\charrsid9000270 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 OECD Recommendation of the Council concerning Effective Action against Hard Core Cartels }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9000270\charrsid9000270 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9000270\charrsid9000270 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 2\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 5 March 1998 - C(98)35/FINAL}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9000270\charrsid9000270 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9000270\charrsid9000270 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  (excerpt)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid18768\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8920530 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid678384\charrsid11423002 
\par }{\b\f0\fs28\insrsid16193325\charrsid8920530 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ABSTRACT}{\b\f0\fs28\insrsid18768\charrsid8920530 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li210\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646670\adjustright\rin0\lin210\itap0\cufi200\culi100\pararsid9916993 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9916993 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6883545\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 In line with the globalization of the economy, the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5733125\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  number of international cartels is on the increase. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6828974\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 In addition to giving an overview of the Japan Fair Trade Commission\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s (JFTC) successes and failures }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6883545\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 to\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  date }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6828974\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
in response to such international cartels, this paper analy}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7211727 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 z}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6828974\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
e the reasons behind these successes and failures and clarify the areas in which the JFTC needs to take action, including the development of an international cooperative network and the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7473923\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 use}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6828974\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 of leniency, in order to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8920530 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 crack}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6828974\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  international cartels in the future.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13398795\charrsid11423002 \page }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 1. }{
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid3279058\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Introduction}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid2779874\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4338454 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid3036638\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-240\li450\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin450\itap0\cufi-100\culi100\pararsid4338454 {\f0\fs24\insrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (1) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid400226 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 H}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13112436\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 armful}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3036638\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  nature of hardcore cartels}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4347594\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646670\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9916993 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li449\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin449\itap0\cufi100\culi214\pararsid9916993 }{\deleted\f0\fs24\revauthdel2\revdttmdel646646645\insrsid13112436\delrsid10356388\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid400226 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 H}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3036638\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ard core cartels}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2253768\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3036638\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 represent the most malicious breach of competition law}{\f0\fs24\insrsid400226 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2253768\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  harm}{
\deleted\f0\fs24\revauthdel2\revdttmdel646646679\insrsid400226\delrsid592343 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2253768\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  the interests of consumers}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6883545\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  throughout}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13112436\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  the wide r\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ange of countries in which they operate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid400226 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , by }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid400226\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 raising prices and restricting supply, thus making the relevant goods and services totally unobtainable to certain buyers and unnecessarily expens}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ive in the eyes of other buyers}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2253768\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646670\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9916993 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li449\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin449\itap0\cufi100\culi214\pararsid9916993 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid400226 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Effective }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5926160\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 action}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid400226 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5926160\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  to}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13112436\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  crack hard c\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ore cartels}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9904775 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  are of utmost importance}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13112436\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5926160\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
especially from an international perspective}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid400226 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  D}{\f0\fs24\insrsid400226\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 istortion of world trade }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid400226 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 by }{\f0\fs24\insrsid400226\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 hard core cartels generates market power in countries where the market would otherwise be competitive, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid400226 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 resulting in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid400226\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 wastefulness and inefficien\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 cy}{\f0\fs24\insrsid400226 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13112436\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646670\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9916993 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li449\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin449\itap0\cufi100\culi214\pararsid9916993 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6883545\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 I}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5926160\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
t could be said that this }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9904775 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 understanding of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6883545\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 such cartels has already be}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9904775 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 en}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6883545\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5926160\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 shared }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9904775 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 with }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5926160\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 competition authorities in countries throughout the world.
\par }\pard \qj \fi240\li449\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin449\itap0\cufi100\culi214\pararsid10617522 {\pard\plain 
\qj \fi240\li449\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin449\itap0\cufi100\culi214\pararsid10617522 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1041\kerning2\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1041\insrsid213224\charrsid11423002 
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\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 economic relati\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 onships between countries have grown stronger with the advancing globalization of the world economy and international trad}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6883545\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7473923\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , including direct investment. Amidst all this, companies\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9904775 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 business}{
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\f0\fs24\insrsid3047014\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ncreasingly more sophisti\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 cated. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6239410\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Leniency}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9904775 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  program}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6239410\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8615205\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 refers to the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 program}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid8615205\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  of reducing }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3047014\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 or exempting companies from }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8615205\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
penalties imposed }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3047014\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 if companies}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8615205\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9904775 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 fully and voluntarily}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8615205\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  provide}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3047014\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  the authorities with}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8615205\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 details pertaining to violations that they have committed}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9904775 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8615205\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  based on a predetermined set \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 of }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4617208\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 condition}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8615205\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s}{\cs25\f0\fs24\super\insrsid8615205\charrsid11423002 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \pard\plain 
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8615205 \fs21\lang1033\langfe1041\kerning2\loch\af21\hich\af21\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1041 {
\cs25\f0\fs22\super\insrsid9396413\charrsid2565330 \chftn }{\f0\fs22\lang1033\langfe1028\langfenp1028\insrsid9396413\charrsid2565330 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  Report of the Study Group on the Antimonopoly Act, section 10}}}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11102046\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13965770\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 It differs from plea bargaining in the sense that it is a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 program}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13965770\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  that is applied }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11234652\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 automatically}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13965770\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  in accordance with predetermined criteria and that involves no elements of bargaining}{\cs25\f0\fs24\super\insrsid11234652\charrsid11423002 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \pard\plain 
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11234652 \fs21\lang1033\langfe1041\kerning2\loch\af21\hich\af21\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1041 {
\cs25\f0\fs22\super\insrsid9396413\charrsid2565330 \chftn }{\f0\fs22\lang1033\langfe1028\langfenp1028\insrsid9396413\charrsid2565330 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  Report of the Study Group on the Antimonopoly Act, section 14}}}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13965770\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6239410\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646670\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9916993 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li449\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin449\itap0\cufi100\culi214\pararsid9916993 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11234652\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 In }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3047014\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the OECD}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11234652\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3047014\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 R}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11234652\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 eport }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10049855 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10049855\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11234652\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 April 200}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5768064 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 2}{
\cs25\f0\fs24\super\insrsid1668447 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \pard\plain \s24\ql \fi-220\li220\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin220\itap0\cufi-100\pararsid2565330 
\fs21\lang1033\langfe1041\kerning2\loch\af21\hich\af21\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1041 {\cs25\f0\fs22\super\insrsid9396413\charrsid2565330 \chftn }{\f0\fs22\insrsid9396413\charrsid2565330 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{
\fs22\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af15\insrsid9396413\charrsid2565330 \hich\af0\dbch\af15\loch\f0 Report o\hich\af0\dbch\af15\loch\f0 
n the Nature and Impact of Hard Core Cartels and Sanctions against Cartels under National Competition Laws (2002). See at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/16/20/2081831.pdf}}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11234652\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
, the OECD recommended \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 that the governments of member countries introduce }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9904775 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11234652\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  lenienc}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10049855 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 y}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9904775 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  program}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11234652\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3957759\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 A large number of countries and regions have now already done so, including }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10049855 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10049855 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 he U.S.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3957759\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , where leniency was introduced in 1978, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10049855 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the EC}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3957759\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 (in 1996), Canada (in 1999) and South Korea (in 1996)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3047014\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3957759\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  and have met with }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9904775 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 great }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3957759\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 success (refer to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9904775 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Annex}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3957759\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 1).}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11234652\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646670\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9916993 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li449\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin449\itap0\cufi100\culi214\pararsid9916993 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3957759\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Under the leniency }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12875204 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 program }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3957759\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 introduced in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10049855 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10049855 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 he U.S.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3957759\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12875204 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 member }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4617208\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 companies}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11874456\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 or individuals}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12875204 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  of a cartel}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3957759\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  can receive }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12875204 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 reductions or }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3957759\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 exemption}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12875204 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3957759\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12875204 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 in sanction }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3957759\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 on the conditions }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4617208\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid736499\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (1)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4617208\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  information is submitted prior \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11156369\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
the authorities initiating an}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4617208\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  investigation, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid736499\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (2)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4617208\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12875204 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 applicant}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4617208\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  coope}{\f0\fs24\insrsid736499\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
rates with the authorities and (3)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4617208\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12875204 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 applicant}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4617208\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 is not compelling any }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11156369\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 other}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4617208\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  compan}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11156369\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ies}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4617208\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  to participate in cartel activities. The basis for this }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 program}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4617208\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  is formed by the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12590733 \loch\af0\dbch\af11\hich\f0 \'93}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12590733 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 US Antitrust Div\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ision }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4617208\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Corporate Leniency Policy}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12590733 \loch\af0\dbch\af11\hich\f0 \'94}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12590733 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4617208\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (1993) and the }
{\f0\fs24\insrsid12590733 \loch\af0\dbch\af11\hich\f0 \'93}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8722100 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 U}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12590733 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 S Antitrust Division Leniency Policy for }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4617208\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Individual}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12590733 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12590733 \loch\af0\dbch\af11\hich\f0 \'94}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4617208\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  (1994)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11874456\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3957759\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646670\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9916993 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li449\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin449\itap0\cufi100\culi214\pararsid9916993 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11874456\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 The leniency }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 program}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12875204\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11874456\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5064098 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 European }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10049855 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Commission}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10049855\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11874456\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 is one where, as in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10049855 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10049855 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 he U.S.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11874456\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , offending companies or individuals }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12875204 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
cooperating fully with the Comm\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ission }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11874456\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 are exempted from fines or}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12875204 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 granted significant reductions in fines}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11874456\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 . This is base}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15161978\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 d}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11874456\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 \hich\f0  on the \'93\loch\f0 Commission }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5064098\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Notice }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5064098 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 on}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5064098\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  Immunity }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5064098 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 f}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5064098\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 rom Fines }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5064098 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 a}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5064098\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 nd Reduction }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5064098 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5064098\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 f Fines }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5064098 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5064098\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  Cartel Cases}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10762467\charrsid11423002 \loch\af0\dbch\af11\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0  (2002).}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11874456\charrsid11423002 

\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646670\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9916993 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li449\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin449\itap0\cufi100\culi214\pararsid9916993 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15161978\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 As this shows, a large number of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10762467\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15161978\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 world\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10762467\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 leading countries have in
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 troduced the use of leniency. However, as it stands,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12875204 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10762467\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  leniency }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12875204 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 program }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10762467\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 is yet to be introduced in Japan.
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\cufi300\pararsid4338454 {\f0\fs24\insrsid4655668\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4338454 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 2. }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10762467\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  JFTC
\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s successes and failures in }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid8920530 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 cracking}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10762467\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  international cartels}{
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid4655668\charrsid11423002 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid2779874\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \li210\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646647\adjustright\rin0\lin210\itap0\culi100\pararsid10356388 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\cufi100\pararsid10356388 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (1)}{\f0\fs24\cf0\revised\revauth2\revdttm646646648\insrsid10356388 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{
\deleted\f0\fs24\revauthdel2\revdttmdel646646648\insrsid459066\delrsid10356388\charrsid11423002 \loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\f11 \uc2\u12288\'81\'40}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16340122\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 JFTC}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8731543\charrsid11423002 \loch\af0\dbch\af11\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s efforts to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8920530 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 crack}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16340122\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  international cartels}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid459066\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646669\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9916993 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li840\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin840\itap0\cufi100\culi400\pararsid9916993 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16340122\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Although the JFTC has continued to strive to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8920530 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 crack}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16340122\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  international cartels, which have been on the increase in recent years, not all of its efforts have necessarily }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8863530\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ended in success}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16340122\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 . In the following section, we\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  will take a look at the modifier }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5528915 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 case}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16340122\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8863530\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 as}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16340122\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  a successful example of international cartel}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5528915 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  cases}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16340122\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  by the JFTC, and }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13587151\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the graphite electrode cartel and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 vitamin}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13587151\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  cartel cases}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5528915 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  as}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13587151\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  unsuccessful examples, and analyz}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8863530\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13587151\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  why each}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5528915 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  of these}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13587151\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  case}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5528915 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13587151\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  ended in success or fail\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
ure.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16340122\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4338454 {\f0\fs24\insrsid5143145\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \li210\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646658\adjustright\rin0\lin210\itap0\culi100\pararsid10356388 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \li239\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin239\itap0\culi114\pararsid10356388 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (2) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13587151\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
Failures: the graphite electrode cartel and the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 vitamin}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13587151\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  cartel case}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11144411\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid924636\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646669\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li840\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin840\itap0\cufi100\culi400\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid155092\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Two cases that can be put forward as }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5528915 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 an }{\f0\fs24\insrsid155092\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 example of the JFTC\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5528915 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 failure cases of }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid155092\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 international cartels are those of a graphite electrode cartel in 1999 and a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 vitamin}{\f0\fs24\insrsid155092\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  cartel in 200\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 1.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13587151\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646669\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li840\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin840\itap0\cufi100\culi400\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid155092\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 The graphite electrode case }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6442621\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 refers to a case in which a group of electrode manufacturers }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5528915 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Japanese and overseas, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7363562\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 were }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5528915 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 suspected }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8863530\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 to have}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7363562\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  agre}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8863530\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ed}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7363562\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12280861\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 to fix}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6442621\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5528915 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (1)each manufacturer}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5528915 \loch\af0\dbch\af11\hich\f0 \rquote }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5528915 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 market}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2574514 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  share }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6442621\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
of round manmade graphite electrodes designed }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12280861\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 for use}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6442621\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8323851\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 electric st\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 eel }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6442621\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 production to be supplied to the Asia and Oceania, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2574514 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
except for }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6442621\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Japan, the People\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Republic of China and India}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7363562\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2574514 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (2) to allocate }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12280861\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the volume of electrodes to be supplied to individual regions the world over}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11617741\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12280861\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2574514 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 and (3) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7363562\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 t}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12280861\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 o raise retail prices. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2574514 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 It }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15955759\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 wa}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7489945\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s a cartel}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2574514 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 divide }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7489945\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 market}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2574514 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7489945\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2574514 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 to }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7489945\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 restrict}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2574514 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  output}{\cs25\f0\fs24\super\insrsid7489945\charrsid11423002 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \pard\plain 
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7489945 \fs21\lang1033\langfe1041\kerning2\loch\af21\hich\af21\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1041 {
\cs25\f0\fs22\super\insrsid9396413\charrsid2565330 \chftn }{\f0\fs22\lang1033\langfe1028\langfenp1028\insrsid9396413\charrsid2565330 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  JFTC press release, March 18, 1999}}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7489945\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid155092\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646669\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li840\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin840\itap0\cufi100\culi400\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15955759\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 The }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 vitamin}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15955759\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2574514 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 cartel }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15955759\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 case w}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7211727 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 as}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15955759\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2574514 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 related to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 vitamin}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15955759\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  B5 and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2574514 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 v}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15955759\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 itamin E.
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646669\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li840\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin840\itap0\cufi100\culi400\pararsid9717633 }{\deleted\f0\fs24\revauthdel2\revdttmdel646646651\insrsid15955759\delrsid10356388\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1577726\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Firstly}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15955759\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12409909\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 with regard to }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 v}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 itamin}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12409909\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  B5, this was a case in which a group of Japanese and overseas }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 vitamin}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12409909\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  manufacturers and distributors }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8863530\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 were }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2574514 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 suspecte\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 d}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8863530\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  to have}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12409909\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8863530\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 fixed}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12409909\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2574514 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (1)each}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12409909\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  compan}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2574514 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 y}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12409909\charrsid11423002 \loch\af0\dbch\af11\hich\f0 \rquote }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2574514 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8206141\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13058975 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 worldwide market share}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13058975 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8206141\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 vitamin}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13058975 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 B5}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8206141\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  used as a basic ingredient in medical and pharmaceutical products and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13058975 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (2)each }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8206141\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 compan}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13058975 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 y}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13058975 \loch\af0\dbch\af11\hich\f0 \rquote }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13058975 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8206141\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  prospective annual sales in the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13058975 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 world }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8206141\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
market and in seven regional markets, including Japan. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13058975 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 It}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8206141\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 was }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13058975 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8206141\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 cartel }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13058975 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 to divide }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8206141\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 market}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13058975 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8206141\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13058975 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  to}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8206141\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  restrict}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13058975 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  output}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8206141\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7489945\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646669\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li840\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin840\itap0\cufi100\culi400\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1577726\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Secondly, with regard to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13058975 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1577726\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ynthetic }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13058975 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 v}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1577726\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
itamin E, this was a case in which a group of Japanese and overseas }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 vitamin}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1577726\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  manufacturers and distributors }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8863530\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 were }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13058975 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 suspected}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8863530\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  to have}{
\f0\fs24\cf4\insrsid1577726\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1577726\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 fix}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8863530\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ed}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1577726\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13058975 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (1)each}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1577726\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  compan}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13058975 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 y}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1577726\charrsid11423002 \loch\af0\dbch\af11\hich\f0 \rquote }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13058975 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1577726\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13058975 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 world wide \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 market shares }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1577726\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13058975 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 synthetic }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 vitamin}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13058975 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 B5}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1577726\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 used as a basic ingredient in medical and pharmaceutical products and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13058975 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (2)each }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1577726\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 compan}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13058975 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 y}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1577726\charrsid11423002 \loch\af0\dbch\af11\hich\f0 \rquote }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13058975 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1577726\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 prospective annual sales }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14051234 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1577726\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14051234 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 world}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1577726\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  market and in four regional markets, including Japan. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8206141\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 As you might expect, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14051234 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 it}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8206141\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  was also a car\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 tel }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14051234 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 to divide }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8206141\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 fixing market}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14051234 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8206141\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14051234 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8206141\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 restrict}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14051234 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  output}{\cs25\f0\fs24\super\insrsid9131752\charrsid11423002 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt 
\pard\plain \s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs21\lang1033\langfe1041\kerning2\loch\af21\hich\af21\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1041 {\cs25\f0\fs22\super\insrsid9396413\charrsid2565330 
\chftn }{\f0\fs22\insrsid9396413\charrsid2565330 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs22\lang1033\langfe1028\langfenp1028\insrsid9396413\charrsid2565330 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 JFTC press release, April, 5, 2001}}}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8206141\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4655668\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646669\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li840\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin840\itap0\cufi100\culi400\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1577726\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 In the graphite electrode case, the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1711031 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 U.S.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1711031\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1577726\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 government}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1577726\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14051234\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 from 1998 to 2001}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14051234 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1577726\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 imposed fines }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7158327\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 totaling}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1577726\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8731543\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 approximately }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1577726\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 $424.8 million on }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8731543\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 seven companies in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10049855 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10049855 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 he U.S.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8731543\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
, Japan and Germany. On July 18, 2001, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10049855 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the EC}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8731543\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  al\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 so imposed }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14051234 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 fines }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8731543\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 coming to a total of roughly 21.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14051234 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 9}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8731543\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  million}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5448233\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  Euros}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8731543\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  on eight American, Japanese and German companies (refer to A}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14051234 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 nnex}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8731543\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  2).}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1577726\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646669\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li840\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin840\itap0\cufi100\culi400\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4392854\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 In the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 vitamin}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4392854\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  case, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10049855 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the U.S.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4392854\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  government imposed fines}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12855139\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  in 1999}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4392854\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7158327\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 totaling}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4392854\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  approximately $91 million o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12855139\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 n}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4392854\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 eleven companies }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14051234 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4392854\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10049855 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10049855 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 he U.S.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4392854\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , Switzerland, Germany, Japan and Canada. On November 21, 2001, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10049855 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the EC}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4392854\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  imposed }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14051234 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 fines}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4392854\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  coming to a total of 85.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14051234 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 6}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4392854\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  million}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5448233\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  Euros}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4392854\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  on eight Swiss, German, Dutch, French and Japanese companies.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8333367\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  The Korean government levied surcharges }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7481800\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 totaling}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8333367\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  39.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14051234 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 2}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8333367\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  billion 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 won against six companies }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14051234 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8333367\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  Switzerland, Germany, France, Japan and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12590733 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Netherlands}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12590733\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8333367\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (refer to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14051234 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Annex}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8333367\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  2, Table 1).}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8731543\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646669\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li840\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin840\itap0\cufi100\culi400\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8333367\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 In both cases, leniency was applied both in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10049855 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10049855 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 he U.S.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8333367\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  and in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10049855 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the EC}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12855139\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2192617\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  there were companies that}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12855139\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  actually }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2192617\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 had their }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14051234 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 fines }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2192617\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 reduced. In the graphite
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  electrode case for example, a certain Japanese company applied to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10049855 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the EC}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2192617\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 for leniency and had its penalty reduced by a total of 70% (refer to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14051234 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Annex}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2192617\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  2, Table 2).}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8333367\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646669\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li840\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin840\itap0\cufi100\culi400\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2192617\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 In contrast}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14051234 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  U.S. and EC}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2192617\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , in Japan, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14051234 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14051234\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 merely }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2192617\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 warnings w}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10829885 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 as}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2192617\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  issued }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10829885 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2192617\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  both }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 graphite }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 electrode}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10829885 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 and\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 vitamin}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10829885 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2192617\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 cases}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10829885 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2192617\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10829885 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 A warning }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 is nothing but an administrative}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2192617\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  guidance}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12855139\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10829885 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 advocating that the companies concerned }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 not repeat suspicious activities}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10829885 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2192617\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10829885 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 S}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2192617\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
urcharges}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10829885 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  could not}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2192617\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11144411\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 to be}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2192617\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  levied.
\par }\pard \qj \fi-1000\li1840\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1840\itap0\cufi-500\culi400\pararsid4338454 {\fs20\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af15\insrsid5143145\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \li210\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646658\adjustright\rin0\lin210\itap0\culi100\pararsid10356388 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi360\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\cufi150\pararsid10356388 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (3) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11144411\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Reasons behind failures
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646669\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li840\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin840\itap0\cufi100\culi400\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6816165\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 So, why was it that the JFTC was unable to take l\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
egal action in either of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12855139\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 se}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6816165\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  two cases?}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11144411\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646669\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li840\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin840\itap0\cufi100\culi400\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11235401\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 As stated previously, through the use of leniency, the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10049855 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 U.S.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11235401\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  and EU authorities were able to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5183563 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 rec}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7033910 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ei}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5183563 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ve}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11235401\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  information }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5183563 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 from }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11235401\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the companies involved. Japan}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12590733 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11235401\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  on the other hand}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12590733 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11235401\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  has not }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5183563 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 so far had}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11235401\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 a leniency }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 program}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11235401\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  and was u\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 nable to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5183563 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 rec}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7033910 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ei}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5183563 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ve}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11235401\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  such information }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5183563 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
from }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11235401\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the companies.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6816165\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646669\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li840\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin840\itap0\cufi100\culi400\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11235401\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Hypothetically speaking}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3081309\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , it is thought that, if }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12855139\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 there had been a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3081309\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 leniency }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 program}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3081309\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  in place}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12855139\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  in Japan}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3081309\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5183563 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the JFTC }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12855139\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 might have }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5183563 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 been}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5536021\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12855139\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 able to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5183563 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 obtain}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12855139\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3081309\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 information }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12855139\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 from}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3081309\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5183563 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Japanese and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3081309\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 overseas companies}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5183563 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  and take leg
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 al action.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11235401\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646669\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li840\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin840\itap0\cufi100\culi400\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5183563 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Additionally}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3081309\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5183563 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  there is a problem of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5183563 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 period}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5183563 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  of prescription.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3081309\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5183563 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 W}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3081309\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 hereas the period in which legal action can be taken}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12855139\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10049855 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10049855 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 he U.S.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3081309\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 is three years after the violation has ceased, this period is a mere one year in Japan}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6436267\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 . Therefore, in the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 vitamin}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6436267\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  case,\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  even if information had been submitted to the JFTC}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5183563 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11619013 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 through a leniency program}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6436267\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  and an investigation had got underway, it would not have been possible to take legal action}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11619013 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , because the violation ceased more than one years ago }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6436267\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 . (In order to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11619013 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 cope with this p
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 roblem}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6436267\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , the JFTC plans to submit}{\f0\fs24\cf0\revised\revauth2\revdttm646646682\insrsid592343 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{
\deleted\f0\fs24\revauthdel2\revdttmdel646646682\insrsid11619013\delrsid592343 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ted}{\deleted\f0\fs24\revauthdel2\revdttmdel646646682\insrsid6436267\delrsid592343\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6436267\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 a bill to extend the current period for legal action from one year to three years.)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3081309\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646669\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li840\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin840\itap0\cufi100\culi400\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11619013 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 D}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6436267\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
ue to the aforementioned reasons, the JFTC was unable to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11619013 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 get }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11619013 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 vidence }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6436267\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 of the cartels in question }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173974\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 to take appropriate legal action.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6436267\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi240\li840\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin840\itap0\cufi100\culi400\pararsid4338454 {\f0\fs24\insrsid2779874\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \li210\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646660\adjustright\rin0\lin210\itap0\culi100\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi-480\li900\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\cufi-200\culi200\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (4\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11144411\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Success}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14162772 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 es}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11144411\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 : the modifier }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11619013 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 cartel }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11144411\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 case}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16319265\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646668\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li840\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin840\itap0\cufi100\culi400\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11804062\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 One }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11619013 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 investigation }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11804062\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 case that can be put forward as a successful example of the JFTC\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s efforts }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13377949\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 to }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8920530 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 crack}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13377949\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  international cartels}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11804062\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  is the modifier case, }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11617741\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 regarding }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11804062\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 which th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11617741\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 e JTFC issued a }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11619013 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 provisional order}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11804062\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  in 2003.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173974\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646668\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li840\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin840\itap0\cufi100\culi400\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11619013 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 On }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11619013 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 February}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11619013 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  12,}{\f0\fs24\cf0\revised\revauth2\revdttm646646682\insrsid7804136 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11619013 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 2003,}{\f0\fs24\cf0\revised\revauth2\revdttm646646674\insrsid8140717 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\deleted\f0\fs24\revauthdel2\revdttmdel646646685\insrsid9396413\delrsid7804136 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s}{\deleted\f0\fs24\revauthdel2\revdttmdel646646685\insrsid11619013\delrsid7804136 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
ymultaneous}{\f0\fs24\cf0\revised\revauth2\revdttm646646685\insrsid7804136 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 simultaneous}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11619013 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  raids and search were carried out in North }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11619013 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 America}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11619013 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , Europe and Japan by }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9396413 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11619013 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 U.S. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13571495 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Department of Justice, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9396413 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13571495 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Canadian Bureau of Competition, the European Commi}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7033910 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ss}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13571495 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ion and the JFTC.
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646668\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li840\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin840\itap0\cufi100\culi400\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11804062\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 The modifier case}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13571495 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  in Japan}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11804062\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  refers to a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13377949\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  pri\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ce cartel}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11804062\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  in which three }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13571495 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Japanese }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11804062\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 manufacturers of modifiers }{\f0\fs24\insrsid464938\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 agreed to raise the price of modifiers designed to be added to polyvinyl chloride to improve }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13377949\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 its}{\f0\fs24\insrsid464938\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  impact }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13377949\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid464938\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 weather resist}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13571495 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
ibility}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13377949\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  and its}{\f0\fs24\insrsid464938\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13377949\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 workability}{
\cs25\f0\fs24\super\insrsid13377949\charrsid11423002 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \pard\plain \s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13377949 
\fs21\lang1033\langfe1041\kerning2\loch\af21\hich\af21\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1041 {\cs25\f0\fs22\super\insrsid9396413\charrsid2565330 \chftn }{\f0\fs22\insrsid9396413\charrsid2565330 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs22\lang1033\langfe1028\langfenp1028\insrsid9396413\charrsid2565330 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 JFTC press \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 release, December 11, 2003}}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13377949\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11804062\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646668\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li840\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin840\itap0\cufi100\culi400\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13571495 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 T}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5051740\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 he }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11617741\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 JFTC took legal action in the form of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5051740\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  i\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ssuing a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13571495 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 provisional order}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5051740\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  against two}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13571495 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13571495 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 of the}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13571495 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9396413 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 three}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5051740\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  companies}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13571495 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5051740\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  Kan}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12590733 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5051740\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ka Corporation and Mitsubishi Rayon Co. Ltd}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13571495 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5051740\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 on December 11, 2003}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13571495 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 . N}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5051740\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 either company accepted the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13571495 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 order}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5051740\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13571495 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 and }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11617741\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the case is}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5051740\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  currently going through}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13571495 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  hearing procedure}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10451437 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 . S}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9517012\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 urcharge payments }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10451437\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 against \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
the third remaining company,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10451437 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  Kureha Co}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7033910 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 r}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10451437 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 poration,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10451437\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10451437 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 is}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9517012\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  currently being calculated}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10451437 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 . Provisional order was not issued to Kureha, because it had }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9396413 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 transfer}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6163765 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 r}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9396413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ed}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9396413 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10451437 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 its }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10451437 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 modifier}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10451437 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10451437 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 business}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10451437 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  to a foreign company. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5051740\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi240\li840\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin840\itap0\cufi100\culi400\pararsid4338454 {\f0\fs24\insrsid2779874\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \li210\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646661\adjustright\rin0\lin210\itap0\culi100\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi480\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\cufi200\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (5) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11144411\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Reasons behind success}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid459066\charrsid11423002 \loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\f11 \uc2\u12288\'81\'40}{\f0\fs24\insrsid459066\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646668\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li718\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin718\itap0\cufi100\culi342\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9517012\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 So, just why }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16467567\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
was the JFTC successful in taking legal action in the form of issuing a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13571495 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 provisional order}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16467567\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  in the modifier case?}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9517012\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646668\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li718\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin718\itap0\cufi100\culi342\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16467567\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 As a result of the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7824855 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 rapid }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16467567\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 development of telecommunications in modern society,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7824855 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  an investigation of an international }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9396413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 cartel }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9119275 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 will }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11171647 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 be\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  known}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9119275 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 almost immediately by}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7824855 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16467567\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 companies in other countries involved in the cartel}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11617741\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  activities}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9119275 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16467567\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9119275 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 I}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13791402\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 f }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11617741\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 investigation}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13791402\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9119275 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  of an international cartel}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13791402\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11617741\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 are carried out }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13791402\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 at different }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9119275 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 day}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11617741\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13791402\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  in each country, companies }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9119275 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 in other }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9396413 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 countries }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9119275 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 than the first one }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13791402\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 can foresee the pos\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 sibility that they too will undergo a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11617741\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 n}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13791402\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11617741\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 investigation}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13791402\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9119275 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 I}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13791402\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 t is highly likely that, by the time }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11617741\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 investigation}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13791402\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s are carried out in other countries, those companies will have already disposed of any evidence, meaning that the authorities }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9396413 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 w}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9119275 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ill be }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13791402\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 unable to collec\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 t sufficient evidence.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16467567\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646668\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li718\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin718\itap0\cufi100\culi342\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13791402\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 In }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6503298\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 order to }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13791402\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 such }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9119275 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 a situation }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13791402\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 in the modifier case, the JFTC }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2632827\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 carried out simultaneous }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9119275 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 raid and search}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2632827\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  in cooperation with 
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9119275 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the three competition }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13765607 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 agencies }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9396413 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 as}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13765607 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 stated above.}{\cs25\f0\fs24\super\insrsid2632827\charrsid11423002 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \pard\plain \s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632827 
\fs21\lang1033\langfe1041\kerning2\loch\af21\hich\af21\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1041 {\cs25\f0\fs22\super\insrsid9396413\charrsid2565330 \chftn }{\f0\fs22\insrsid9396413\charrsid2565330 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs22\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid9396413\charrsid2565330 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 As above}}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12146141 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2632827\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
This made it possible to prevent the companies from destroying \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 any evidence.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13791402\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646668\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li718\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin718\itap0\cufi100\culi342\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2632827\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 What is more, the JFTC}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3350814\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  also}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2632827\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3350814\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 exchanged information with the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13765607 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 competition agencies }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3350814\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12590733 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 these }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3350814\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
countries at the appropriate }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6503298\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 time }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3350814\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 without infringing on confidentiality.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2632827\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646668\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li718\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin718\itap0\cufi100\culi342\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13765607 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 I}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3350814\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
nternational cooperation in this manner }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6503298\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 made it possible}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13765607 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  for the JFTC}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6503298\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  to take l\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 egal action in the form of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3350814\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  issuing a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13571495 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 provisional order}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3350814\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 .
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4338454 {\f0\fs24\insrsid4655668\charrsid11423002 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 3. }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13765607 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Weapons to fight international cartel }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid9396413 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 with}{
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5143145\charrsid11423002 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid2779874\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \li210\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646662
\pnrauth1\pnrdate646646614\pnrstart0\pnrxst3\pnrxst0\pnrxst40\pnrxst0\pnrxst0\pnrxst0\pnrxst41\pnrxst0\pnrstop8\pnrstart1\pnrrgb2\pnrrgb0\pnrrgb0\pnrrgb0\pnrrgb0\pnrrgb0\pnrrgb0\pnrrgb0\pnrrgb0\pnrstop9
\pnrstart2\pnrnfc0\pnrnfc4\pnrnfc2\pnrnfc0\pnrnfc4\pnrnfc2\pnrnfc0\pnrnfc4\pnrnfc2\pnrnfc0\pnrnfc0\pnrnfc1\pnrnfc0\pnrnfc0\pnrnfc0\pnrnfc0\pnrnfc0\pnrnfc0\pnrstop18\pnrstart3\pnrpnbr1\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0
\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0
\pnrpnbr0\pnrstop36\adjustright\rin0\lin210\itap0\culi100\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto
\pnrauth1\pnrdate646646614\pnrstart0\pnrxst3\pnrxst0\pnrxst40\pnrxst0\pnrxst0\pnrxst0\pnrxst41\pnrxst0\pnrstop8\pnrstart1\pnrrgb2\pnrrgb0\pnrrgb0\pnrrgb0\pnrrgb0\pnrrgb0\pnrrgb0\pnrrgb0\pnrrgb0\pnrstop9
\pnrstart2\pnrnfc0\pnrnfc4\pnrnfc2\pnrnfc0\pnrnfc4\pnrnfc2\pnrnfc0\pnrnfc4\pnrnfc2\pnrnfc0\pnrnfc0\pnrnfc1\pnrnfc0\pnrnfc0\pnrnfc0\pnrnfc0\pnrnfc0\pnrnfc0\pnrstop18\pnrstart3\pnrpnbr1\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0
\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0
\pnrpnbr0\pnrstop36\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\cf0\revised\revauth2\revdttm646646662\insrsid9717633 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (1) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1851806\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Steps needed to }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8920530 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 crack}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1851806\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  international cartels}{\f0\fs24\insrsid459066\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646667\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li928\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin928\itap0\cufi100\culi442\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1851806\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
Based on the aforementioned examples, advancing international cooperation between competition and antitr\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ust authorities in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13765607 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the world }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1851806\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 is vital to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8920530 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 crack}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1851806\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 international cartels, as is evident from the modifier case. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5064098 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 To}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1851806\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  enable this process to run more smoothly, it is essential }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11819268\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1851806\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 leniency}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11819268\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  is introduced}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13765607 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  when there is none}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1851806\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , as the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13765607 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1851806\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 graphite }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9396413 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 electrode }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1851806\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 vitamin}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1851806\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  c\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 artel cases demonstrate.
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646667\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li928\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin928\itap0\cufi100\culi442\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1851806\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Accordingly, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11629862\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
in addition to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13765607 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 enhancing}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11629862\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  international cooperation}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11819268\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 beyond}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11629862\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  anything currently in place, it is essential}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13765607 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9396413 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
for any country lacking in a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13765607 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15338131 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 formal }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13765607 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 leniency program such as Japan to adapt a }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9466601 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 leniency program.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11629862\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1851806\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi120\li1050\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1050\itap0\cufi50\culi500\pararsid4338454 {\f0\fs24\insrsid5143145\charrsid12590733 
\par }\pard \qj \li210\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646662\adjustright\rin0\lin210\itap0\culi100\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \li210\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin210\itap0\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (2) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3226615 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Enhancing}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11629862\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  int\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ernational cooperation}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1518776\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646667\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li630\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\cufi100\culi300\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12205541\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 What we need to do is}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16664834\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  to make full use of cooperati}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8285835 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 on}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16664834\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  agreements and actively work together to enforce them. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8285835 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 I}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16664834\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 nitiatives covered under such agreements }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8285835 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 include }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16664834\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 exchange of information that does not infringe on trade }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8285835 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 confiden}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7033910 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 t}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8285835 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 iality}{\cs25\f0\fs24\super\insrsid3226615 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \pard\plain 
\s24\ql \fi-210\li210\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin210\itap0\cufi-100\pararsid3226615 \fs21\lang1033\langfe1041\kerning2\loch\af21\hich\af21\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1041 {\cs25\super\insrsid9396413 
\chftn }{\insrsid9396413 \hich\af21\dbch\af11\loch\f21  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9396413\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
Agreement between the Government of Japan and the Government of the United States of America concerning Cooperation on Anticompet\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
itive Activities (Japan-US Agreement), Article 3, Clause 2; Agreement between the Government of Japan and the European Community concerning Cooperation on Anticompetitive Activities (Japan-EC Agreement), Article 3, Clause 2}}}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9177787\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 simultaneous }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11617741\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 investigation}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9177787\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s in order to prevent evidence being }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3961355\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 destroyed}{\cs25\f0\fs24\super\insrsid3226615 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \pard\plain 
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs21\lang1033\langfe1041\kerning2\loch\af21\hich\af21\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1041 {\cs25\super\insrsid9396413 \chftn }{\insrsid9396413 
\hich\af21\dbch\af11\loch\f21  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9396413\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Japan-US Agreement, Article 4,\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  Clause 1; Japan-E}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9396413 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 C}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9396413\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  Agreement, Article 4, clause 1}}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3961355\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9177787\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 and }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12205541\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9177787\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 sharing }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12205541\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 of }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9177787\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 confidential information}{\cs25\f0\fs24\super\insrsid3226615 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \pard\plain 
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs21\lang1033\langfe1041\kerning2\loch\af21\hich\af21\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1041 {\cs25\super\insrsid9396413 \chftn }{\insrsid9396413 
\hich\af21\dbch\af11\loch\f21  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9396413\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Japan-US Agreement, Article 4, Clause 4; Japan-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9396413 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 EC}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9396413\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  Agreement, Article 4, Clause 4}}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9177787\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0   (refer to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14051234 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Annex}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9177787\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  3).}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16664834\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646667\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li630\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\cufi100\culi300\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8285835 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 T}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7555986\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
he JFTC is currently working on the conclusion of agreements with Canada and Australia}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8285835\charrsid8285835 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15338131 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8285835 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 fter }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8285835\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 having signed agreemen\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ts with }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8285835 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the U.S.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8285835\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  government (in 1999) and the E}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8285835 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 C}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8285835\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  (in 2000)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7555986\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12205541\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8285835 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 As }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15338131 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
for}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8285835 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12205541\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7555986\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  Japan-Canada agreement}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15338131 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8285835\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15338131 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8285835\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ubstantive work}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7555986\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  has been }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8285835 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 already }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7555986\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
completed and we intend to move ahead with similar work on }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12205541\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7555986\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  Japan-Australia agreement in the }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8285835 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 near }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7555986\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 future.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9177787\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646667\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li630\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\cufi100\culi300\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3961355\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 The }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4204557 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Economic Partnersh
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ip Agreement (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3961355\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 EPA}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4204557 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3961355\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
 signed between Japan and Mexico in September 2004 includes a chapter dedicated to \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Competition\'94\loch\f0  (Chapter 12), }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7017450\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Article 132 of which}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3961355\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  stipulates}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8285835 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  cooperation in competition }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15338131 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 policy}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7017450\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , stating that \'93\loch\f0 The Parties shall, in accordance with their re\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
spective laws and regulations, cooperate in the field of controlling anticompetitive activities.\'94\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14250317\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 The JFT}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4204557 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 C}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14250317\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  is also negotiati}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8285835 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ng}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14250317\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 with South Korea regarding antimonopoly cooperation as part of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12261069\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 FTA negotiations}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14250317\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8285835 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Further }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12261069\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 more, cooperation in the field of compet\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
ition is also being discussed as part of the EPA negotiations with Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7555986\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi240\li630\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\cufi100\culi300\pararsid4338454 {\f0\fs24\insrsid5143145\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \li210\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646663\adjustright\rin0\lin210\itap0\culi100\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi-480\li690\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin690\itap0\cufi-200\culi100\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (3) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2756070 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Adoption }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12261069\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2756070 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12261069\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 leniency}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2756070 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  program}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1518776\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646667\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li630\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\cufi100\culi300\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2756070 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 C}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12261069\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 onclusion of }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2756070 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 cooperation }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12261069\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 agreements is important}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2756070 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15338131 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2756070 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 At the same time}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12261069\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2756070 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 what}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12261069\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  is essential }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15338131 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 to make the cooperation ag\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 reements work best }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2756070 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 is }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12261069\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 that each of the countries involved in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2756070 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 agreements }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12261069\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 has }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2756070 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 adopted}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12261069\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2756070 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 a }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12261069\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 leniency}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2756070 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  program, if the agreements are to work fully}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12261069\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
. Generally speaking, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173999\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 it is paramount that, when companies or individuals involved in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2756070 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 an }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7173999\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 international cartel attempt\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6492496 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 make application }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173999\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 leniency}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15338131 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6492496 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 programs}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173999\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
, they apply to the competition authorities in all related countries and regions for eligibility under the same }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6492496 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 program}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173999\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5246810\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 and receive reductions in or exemptions from}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15338131 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 fines}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5246810\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11960028\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 If applications }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 a}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11960028\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 re to be submitted in all cou\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ntries and regions, this }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 will }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11960028\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 make it easier to conduct cooperative investigations. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12205541\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 In other words}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11960028\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12205541\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 a leniency }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 program}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11960028\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12205541\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 could become}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11960028\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  one of the major factors }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12205541\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
in expanding}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11960028\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  international cooperation between competition authorities. However, if just one of the\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  countries where }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 an }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11960028\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 international cartel }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 is}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11960028\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 in operation has not adopted leniency, there is a possibility of companies or individuals being reluctant to apply }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12205541\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 f}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11960028\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 or leniency }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14055878\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 in all countries out of fear of facing sanctions in that one country. Alternatively,\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  there }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12205541\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 is also a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14055878\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  possibility of companies }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 admitting}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  the violation and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14055878\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 applying for leniency in countries where a leniency }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
program}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14055878\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  is in place and putting up serious }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 \loch\af0\dbch\af11\hich\f0 \lquote }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 resistance}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 \loch\af0\dbch\af11\hich\f0 \rquote }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14055878\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  in countries where there is no such }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 program}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14055878\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12261069\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646667\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li630\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\cufi100\culi300\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Taking }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4204557 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 possibilities}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  into conside\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ration}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6626117\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 it can be said that adoption }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15866588\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 of a leniency }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 program}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15866588\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  in each and every country and region}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid6626117\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  would }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 expose }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6626117\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
international cartels to light and facilitate cooperation between competition authorities. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 A}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6626117\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 bsence of a }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1274789\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 leniency }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 program}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6626117\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2374562 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6626117\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 countr}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2374562 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 y}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6626117\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2374562 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 or}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6626117\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2374562 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6626117\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
region c\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ould end up becoming the weak link in cooperati}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2374562 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 on}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6626117\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  efforts between all }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2374562 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 other }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6626117\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 countries and regions to c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2374562 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 rack}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6626117\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  international cartels.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14055878\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646667\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li630\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\cufi100\culi300\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3021936\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Thus}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2374562 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , adoption}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3021936\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  of a leniency }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 program}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3021936\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  in Japan is }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15338131 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2374562 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 most }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3021936\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 important not only in terms of facilitating the detection of domesti
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 c cartels, but also from the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4204557 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 perspective}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3021936\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 of enabling the detection of international cartels. This is why }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1274789\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 there }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2374562 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 have been discussions }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1274789\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 both in Japan and overseas }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2374562 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 supporting }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1274789\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 that }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3021936\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Japan }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1274789\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 should}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2374562\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  immediately}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3021936\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  introduce leniency}{\cs25\f0\fs24\super\insrsid3021936\charrsid11423002 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \pard\plain 
\s24\ql \fi-220\li220\ri799\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin799\lin220\itap0\cufi-100\pararsid2565330 \fs21\lang1033\langfe1041\kerning2\loch\af21\hich\af21\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1041 {
\cs25\f0\fs22\super\insrsid9396413\charrsid2565330 \chftn }{\f0\fs22\insrsid9396413\charrsid2565330 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  Public comment made by the OECD Secretariat regarding revisions to the Japanese }{
\deleted\f0\fs22\revauthdel1\revdttmdel646646626\insrsid9396413\delrsid5842795\charrsid2565330 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 A}{\f0\fs22\cf0\revised\revauth1\revdttm646646626\insrsid5842795 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 a}{
\f0\fs22\insrsid9396413\charrsid2565330 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ntimonopoly Act }{\deleted\f0\fs22\revauthdel1\revdttmdel646646624\insrsid9396413\delrsid5842795\charrsid2565330 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 contained in annual re
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 form }{\deleted\f0\fs22\revauthdel1\revdttmdel646646620\insrsid9396413\delrsid14162772 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 provisional order}{
\deleted\f0\fs22\revauthdel1\revdttmdel646646620\insrsid9396413\delrsid14162772\charrsid2565330 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s }{\deleted\f0\fs22\revauthdel1\revdttmdel646646624\insrsid9396413\delrsid5842795\charrsid2565330 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
issued to the Japanese government by the US government based on the US- Japan Regulatory Reform and Competition Policy Initiative }{\f0\fs22\cf0\revised\revauth1\revdttm646646624\insrsid5842795 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
and the Annual Reform Recommendations from the Government of the United States to the Government of Ja\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 pan under the U.}{\f0\fs22\cf0\revised\revauth1\revdttm646646625\insrsid5842795 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
S.-Japan Regulatory Reform and Competition Policy Initiative}{\f0\fs22\insrsid9396413\charrsid2565330 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (2003)}}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3021936\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6626117\charrsid11423002 

\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646667\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li630\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\cufi100\culi300\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Consequently, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2374562 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
the Japanese Governm\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ent }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15338131 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 under the JFTC initiative}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15338131\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2374562 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 submitted }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15338131 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 a bill to the parliament last month to}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  amend the Antimonopoly Act to include }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2374562 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 leniency }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2374562 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 program}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2374562 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 If the bill is enacted,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13639322 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  companies }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
that voluntarily \'93\loch\f0 disclose the existence of violations and provide related informatio\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 \hich\f0 n\'94\loch\f0  to the JFTC prior to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11617741\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 investigation
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s would be }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13639322 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 entirely }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
exempted from surcharges if they are the first applicant in the case, have surcharges reduced by half if they are the second applicant and by 30% if they are the third. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13639322 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Even }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13639322\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 after the initiation of i\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 nvestigations}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9852397 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13639322\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13639322 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 he first three applicants for leniency would also receive a 30% reduction on surcharges}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13639322 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9852397 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13639322 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 if there is }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13639322 \loch\af0\dbch\af11\hich\f0 \lquote }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13639322 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 vacancy}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13639322 \loch\af0\dbch\af11\hich\f0 \rquote }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13639322 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  resulting from less than these applicants prior to investigations}{
\cs25\f0\fs24\super\insrsid3226615 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \pard\plain \s24\ql \fi-210\li210\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin210\itap0\cufi-100\pararsid3226615 
\fs21\lang1033\langfe1041\kerning2\loch\af21\hich\af21\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1041 {\cs25\super\insrsid9396413 \chftn }{\insrsid9396413 \hich\af21\dbch\af11\loch\f21  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9396413\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
In all cases, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9396413 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 it should be noted that total number of enterprises that may be applied to the leniency program is no more than 3.}}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13639322 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646667\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li630\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\cufi100\culi300\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 In order to bring Japan closer to international standards, ra
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ising the rate of surcharges from the current 6% to 10% }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1274789\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 is}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13639322 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  included in the amendment bill}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 . The higher surcharges are, the stronger an incentive they give }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13639322 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 cartel participants }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 to apply for leniency. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13639322 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 V}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 iewed }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15480113 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 from}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15480113\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 an international perspective, the current level}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13639322 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  of}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  surcharges}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13639322 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9852397 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 is }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 too low and do not provide a sufficient incentive. Therefore, the rate of surcharges }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9852397 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 would be}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 increased in order to make the proposed leniency }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 program}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  more effective}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13639322 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 as well as for their reasons}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 .
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646666\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li630\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\cufi100\culi300\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Nippon Keidanren, the largest economic org\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
anization in Japan, has voiced its opposition to proposals to introduce }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6627909 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 leniency }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6627909 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 program }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 on the grounds that}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7481800\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  (1)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  it is doubtful as to whether a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6627909 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 leniency}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6627909\delrsid1591368\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 program}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2565330 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 would }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5842391\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 fit in}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  with national sentiment,}{\fs24\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\insrsid7481800\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  (2)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  there is no reason to introduce a plea bargaining }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 p\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 rogram}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  into }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9852397 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 formal}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  procedure when there is, as yet, no such }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 program}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  in place within }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2565330 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Japanese criminal procedure,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7481800\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  (3) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the requirements under the leniency }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 program}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  are unclear and could lead to the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15480113 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 JFTC}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8090670\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 acting at its own discretion and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7481800\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (4) t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
he reasons for\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2565330 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 rejecting}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  joint applications are unclear}{
\cs25\f0\fs24\super\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \pard\plain \s24\ql \fi-220\li220\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin220\itap0\cufi-100\pararsid2565330 
\fs21\lang1033\langfe1041\kerning2\loch\af21\hich\af21\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1041 {\cs25\f0\fs22\super\insrsid9396413\charrsid2565330 \chftn }{\f0\fs22\insrsid9396413\charrsid2565330 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'93\loch\f0 
Views on the}{\f0\fs22\cf6\insrsid9396413\charrsid2565330 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs22\insrsid9396413\charrsid2565330 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Report of the Study Group \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 \hich\f0 on the Antimonopoly Act\'94
\loch\f0 , Nippon Keidanren (November, 29, 2003), etc.}}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3298596\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646666\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li630\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\cufi100\culi300\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5842391\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 However, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7481800\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (1) }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5842391\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 under the proposed leniency }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 program}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5842391\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
, companies themselves would apply for leniency}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9852397 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5842391\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  it differ}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9384309 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5842391\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  from internal whistle-blowing by company employees. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9384309 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 T}{\f0\fs24\insrsid614686\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
he general public }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7158327\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 is}{\f0\fs24\insrsid614686\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  less likely to be }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9384309 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 in favor }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid614686\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 of \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 a situation in which cartels go undiscovered. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10887322\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
What is more, there are currently Japanese companies using leniency }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 program}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10887322\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s in other countries (such as }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10489962\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10887322\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the aforementioned graphite cartel and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10703217 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 vitamin}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10887322\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  cartel cases; refer to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14051234 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Annex}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10887322\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  2). }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7481800\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (2)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10887322\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  Leniency establish\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 es requirements as law, eliminates element}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10489962\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10887322\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  of bargaining}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9384309 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10887322\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  is applied in a non-discretionary manner}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9384309 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2171145\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 has its basis in the official objective of preventing the law from being violated}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9384309 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 . For these reason}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9852397 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9384309 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , l}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9852397 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9384309 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 niency}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2171145\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 differs entirely from the plea bargaining\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 program}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2171145\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , whereby p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9384309 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 enalties}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2171145\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9852397 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 are}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2171145\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 reduced by bargaining with suspects providing specific information. Furthermore, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7481800\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (3)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2171145\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 the JFTC plans to push ahead in dialogue with all related parties to ensure transparency}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2565330 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  related to}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2565330\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  the }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2565330 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 leniency}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2565330\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1591368 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 program}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2171145\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 . Finally, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7481800\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (4)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2171145\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  if j\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
oint applications were to be accepted, the effect of leniency}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2565330\charrsid2565330 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2565330\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 would be diluted}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2171145\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5792155\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  terms of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2171145\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  preventing violations }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5792155\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 through the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2171145\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  increased incentive for companies to cease violations due to the risk of other companies providing }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5792155\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the authorities with }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2171145\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 information\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3147656 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 For}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2171145\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  the details of violations to be reported properly, it is necessary that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8090670\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
the possibility of collaboration between companies is eliminated. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9384309 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 U}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9384309\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 nder the leniency }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9384309 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 program}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9384309\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9384309 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9384309 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 he U.S.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9384309\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  or }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9384309 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the EC}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9384309\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , there are no joint applications being accepted}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8090670\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 .}{\cs25\f0\fs24\super\kerning0\insrsid8090670\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \pard\plain 
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\nosnaplinegrid\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8090670 \fs21\lang1033\langfe1041\kerning2\loch\af21\hich\af21\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1041 {
\cs25\f0\fs22\super\insrsid9396413\charrsid2565330 \chftn }{\f0\fs22\insrsid9396413\charrsid2565330 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Outlines of the amendment of the Antimonopoly Act\'94\loch\f0 , JFTC (December 24, 2003), etc.}
}}{\f0\fs24\kerning0\insrsid16148377\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646666\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li630\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\cufi100\culi300\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12417542\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 As this }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2565330 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 dis
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 cussion }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12417542\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 demonstrates, there is deep rooted opposition from }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5792155\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 within }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12417542\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 economic circles}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9384309 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  in Japan}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12417542\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6163765 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 However}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9852397 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9384309 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5792155\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 such}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12417542\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  claims }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9384309 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 can}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12417542\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  not be }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2565330 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 justified}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12417542\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4601515 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Almost all}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2572996\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 the countries where }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4601515 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 liniency}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2572996\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  has been introduced}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4601515 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  has }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9852397 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 initially }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4601515 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 faced non-acceptance of the society}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2572996\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 . In }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2565330 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Nether\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 lands}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2565330\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2572996\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 and Germany}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4601515 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , for instance}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2572996\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9852397 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4601515 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 here was, at first, }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2572996\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 \hich\f0 accusations that leniency \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 would not suit the culture of our country\'94}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9852397 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ; }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2572996\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 since being actually introduced, leniency}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9852397 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4601515 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 programs are accepted and}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2572996\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  ha}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9852397 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ve}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2572996\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  achieved positive results.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12417542\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646666\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li630\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\cufi100\culi300\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2572996\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Therefore, the law should be am\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ended and }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4601515 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 to adopt a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2572996\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 leniency }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4601515 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 programs }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2572996\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 in Japan.
\par }\pard\plain \qj \li580\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\toplinepunct\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin580\itap0\culi276\pararsid4338454\yts15 \fs21\lang1033\langfe1041\kerning2\loch\af21\hich\af21\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1041 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid12481394\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard\plain \qj \li210\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin210\itap0\culi100\pararsid9717633 \fs21\lang1033\langfe1041\kerning2\loch\af21\hich\af21\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1041 {\f0\fs24\insrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (4) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9852397 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Conclusion}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1518776\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646666\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li630\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\cufi100\culi300\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4918037 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 On}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9205915\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  March 23, 1998, the OECD }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10617522\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 adopted the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6163765 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 R}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9852397 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ecommendation}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9852397 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10617522\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 of the Council concerning }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6897098\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 E}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10617522\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ffective }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6897098\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 A}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10617522\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ction against }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6897098\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 H}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10617522\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ard }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6897098\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 C}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10617522\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ore }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6897098\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 C}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10617522\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 artels (refer to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14051234 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Annex}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10617522\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  4).}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4918037\charrsid4918037 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4918037\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
On the grounds that close cooperation is requir\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ed in order to effectively deal with anticompetitive behavior that has an adverse effect on other countries and impedes internat}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4918037 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ional trade}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4918037 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4918037\charrsid4918037 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4918037\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 This }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4918037 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 provisional order}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4918037\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 \hich\f0  states that \'93\loch\f0 Member countries have a common interest in preventing hard core cartels and sho
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 \hich\f0 uld co-operate with each other in enforcing their laws against such cartels.\'94}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10617522\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646666\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi360\li630\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\cufi150\culi300\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10617522\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 As this }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6163765 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 R}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9852397 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ecommendation }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10617522\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 says, international cooperation is vital in order to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6444296\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 crack}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10617522\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  international cartels.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7033910 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6897098\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
As part of such cooperation, it is also important that, as mentioned prev\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 iously, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4918037 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 competition}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6444296\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 authorities in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4918037 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the world }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6897098\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 actively engage in the exchange of information.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10617522\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646666\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li630\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\cufi100\culi300\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6897098\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 However, there is one area that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4918037 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
competition }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6897098\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 authorities}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4918037\charrsid4918037 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4918037\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
when sharing information}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6897098\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  need to be careful about namely }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11408051\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 whether or not to share}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6897098\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  information regarding appl\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ications for leniency with other countries.
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646666\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li630\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\cufi100\culi300\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6897098\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 The }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4918037 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 OECD }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6897098\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Report on Leniency Progra}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7033910 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 m}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6897098\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
mes to Fight Hard Core Cartels, which was }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4918037 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 published }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6897098\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 on April 27, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2565330\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 200}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2565330 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6897098\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6444296\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 serve}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4918037 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11408051\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  as a source of reference on this matter.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6897098\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646666\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li630\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\cufi100\culi300\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid11408051\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Essentially, }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid4278744\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 if a company applies to the authorities in on\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 e country for leniency}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid11408051\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid4278744\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 and }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid11408051\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the authorities in }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid4278744\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 that}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid11408051\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  country }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid4278744\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 then provide }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid6444296\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid4278744\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
authorities in other countries with information stating that the company has applied for leniency, }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid4918037 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 then,}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid9852397 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid4278744\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the authorities in other countries }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid6444296\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 learn details of}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid4278744\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  violations }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid6444296\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 before the c\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ompany applies}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid4278744\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  for leniency. In }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid3085864 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 this }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid4278744\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 case, the result would be that there }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid4918037 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 are}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid4278744\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  less incentive}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid4918037 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid4278744\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  for the company to apply for leniency.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid11408051\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646665\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li630\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\cufi100\culi300\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid4278744\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Consequently, }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid16188525\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 we feel that }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid3540663\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
it would be preferable not to exchange information regarding applications for leniency between t\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 he }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid4918037 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 competition }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid3540663\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 authorities.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid4278744\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi480\li420\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\prauth2\prdate646646665\adjustright\rin0\lin420\itap0\cufi200\culi200\pararsid9717633 {\*\oldpprops \pard \qj \fi240\li630\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\cufi100\culi300\pararsid9717633 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid3540663\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 As stated previously, in addition to the }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid4918037 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 cooperation }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid3540663\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 agreements already signed with }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid10049855 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 t}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid10049855 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 he U.S.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid3540663\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  and }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid10049855 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the EC}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid3540663\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , the JFTC is }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid4918037 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 now }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid3540663\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 conclud}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid4918037 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ing}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid3540663\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid4918037 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 cooperation}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid3540663\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  agreements with Canada, Australia and South Korea. In doing this, the JFTC }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid6427565\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 intends t\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 o build up a cooperative }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid4918037 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 competition }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid6427565\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 network between Japan and the many countries with which Japan has }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid4918037 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
wide }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid6427565\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 economic ties}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid4918037 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 .}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid6427565\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid4918037 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 The }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid5706664 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 coming}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid4918037 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  adoption }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid6427565\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 of}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid4918037 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  a}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid6427565\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  leniency }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid4918037 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 program will}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid6427565\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  ensure that this network functions more smoothly, thus enabling action to be taken aga
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 inst international cartels more }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid15205297 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 promptly }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid6427565\charrsid11423002 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 and more }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid15205297 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 rigorously }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid6427565\charrsid11423002 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 than ever before.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid16193325\charrsid11423002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi240\li630\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\cufi100\culi300\pararsid4338454 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1041\langnp2057\insrsid6427565\charrsid11423002 
\par 
\par }